Abuse & Neglect Flashcards

1
Q

Define Child Abuse

A

Serious injury inflicted upon a child by a parent or caretaker

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2
Q

Major Types of Child Abuse

A

Physical abuse
Sexual abuse
Emotional abuse
Child neglect

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3
Q

Most common perpetrators in child abuse

A

Biological parents
Nonbiological parents/partners
Other adult

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4
Q

Risk Factors for Child Abuse

A

Young or single parents
Lower levels of education
Abusers were abused themselves as children
Drugs/alcohol addiction and/or psychiatric illness

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5
Q

Environment of Child Abusers

A

Stress factors within the family
Social isolation
Distant or absent extended family
Accepting violence as a means of problem solving

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6
Q

Children More Likely to be Victims

A

Younger than 3
Past abuse
Children with speech/language disorders, learning disabilities, non-conduct psych problems
Children with handicaps, chronic illness
Hyperactive, adopted, & step-children

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7
Q

Most prevalent form of child abuse

A

Child neglect

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8
Q

Define Child Neglect

A

Failure to provide for a child’s basic physical, emotional, education, or medical needs

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9
Q

Types of Child Neglect

A

Physical neglect
Emotional neglect
Educational neglect
Medical neglect

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10
Q

Management of Child Neglect

A

Identify/recognize the problem

Discuss with family/interdisciplinary team

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11
Q

Management of Cases of Medical Neglect

A

Simplify care as much as possible
Give written instructions
Remove barriers to access

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12
Q

Why hospitalize a patient for child neglect?

A

Serious medical conditions
Protect the child
Observe parent/child interaction

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13
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Child Neglect

A
Orofacial injuries
Bruises
Bite marks
Burns
Fractures
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14
Q

Types of Orofacial Injuries in Child Neglect

A
Intraoral injuries
Burns
Maxilla, mandible, or facial bone fractures
Oropharyngeal gonorrhea or syphilis
Black eyes
Basilar skull fracture
Bruising/scarring corners of the mouth
Traumatic alopecia
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15
Q

Bruises in Abused Children

A

In clusters
In pattern of an implement suggest inflected injury
Ligature marks or rope burns

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16
Q

Differential Diagnosis of Bruises

A

Bleeding disorders
Salicylate ingestion
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Mongolian spots

17
Q

Types of Burns

A
Brands/contact burns
Cigarette burns
Immersion burns
Microwave oven burns
Stun gun burns
18
Q

Reason to Suspect Fractures

A

Doesn’t fit explanation

Multiple stages of healing

19
Q

Differential Diagnosis of Burns

A

Phyophotodermatitis
Complementary & alternative therapies
Congenital insensitivity to pain

20
Q

What are some complementary and alternative therapies?

A

Garlic applied to skin
Cupping
Coining
Moxibustion

21
Q

What to assess in the PE

A

Skin lesions, swelling, deformity
Bone tenderness
Retinal hemorrhages
Trauma to genitals or mouth

22
Q

Parental behaviors that may lead to child abuse

A

Arguing, roughness, or violence
Aloofness/lack of emotional intersection
Inappropriate response to severity of injury
Inappropriate delay in seeking medical care
Partial/frank confession by parent

23
Q

Lab/Studies to Diagnose Child Abuse

A
CBC, PT, PTT
CMP
UA- hematuria
Toxicology
Skeletal survey
Neuro-imaging
Ophthalmologic exam
24
Q

Define Sexual Assault

A

Attempted sexual touching of another person without their consent & includes sexual intercourse, sodomy, and fondling

25
Define Sexual Abuse For Children
When a child engages in sexual activity for which he/she cannot give consent, is unprepared for developmentally, cannot comprehend, and/or an activity that violates the law or social taboos of society
26
Sexual Abuse Includes
``` Fondling Oral-genital, genital, or anal contact with a child Exhibitionism Voyeurism Involving child in porn ```
27
Define Exhibitionism
Man/woman shows naked body to another
28
Define Voyeurism
Peepers looking at naked children
29
Presentation of Sexual Abuse
``` Stomach ache Sore throat Rectal/genital bleeding STIs Pregnancy Rectal/genital trauma ```
30
Goals of Evaluation of Sexual Abuse in Child
``` Identify injuries Screen/diagnose STIs Evaluate/reduce risk of pregnancy Document findings Gather evidence ```
31
Children who witness intimate partner show an increase in what?
``` Aggression/conduct disorders Impulsivity Anxiety/intrusive thoughts Disrupted sleep patterns and depression PTSD May lead to risky behavior ```
32
Screening for Child Abuse/Neglect
RADAR
33
What does RADAR stand for?
R- routinely screen patients for abuse A- ask direct questions D- document your findings A- assess safety of victim & children R- review options/referrals/ reporting requirements
34
Barriers to Reporting Child Abuse/Neglect
Alternative strategies could be more effective than CPS Inadequate training Cultural attitudes Perception that CPS ineffective
35
Types of Child Neglect
Physical neglect Emotional neglect Educational neglect Medical neglect
36
Approach to Neglect
Discuss with caregivers the concerns Team approach Reportable
37
Emotional Abuse
``` Rejecting Isolating Terrorizing Ignoring Corrupting Verbal assault or spurning Over pressuring ```
38
Emotional Disturbance Clinical Features of Emotionally Abused Children
Anxiety Depression Agitation Fearfulness
39
Social Withdrawal Clinical Features of Emotionally Abused Child
Running away from home Developmental delay Drug or alcohol problems Eating disorders