Abuse & Neglect Flashcards
Define Child Abuse
Serious injury inflicted upon a child by a parent or caretaker
Major Types of Child Abuse
Physical abuse
Sexual abuse
Emotional abuse
Child neglect
Most common perpetrators in child abuse
Biological parents
Nonbiological parents/partners
Other adult
Risk Factors for Child Abuse
Young or single parents
Lower levels of education
Abusers were abused themselves as children
Drugs/alcohol addiction and/or psychiatric illness
Environment of Child Abusers
Stress factors within the family
Social isolation
Distant or absent extended family
Accepting violence as a means of problem solving
Children More Likely to be Victims
Younger than 3
Past abuse
Children with speech/language disorders, learning disabilities, non-conduct psych problems
Children with handicaps, chronic illness
Hyperactive, adopted, & step-children
Most prevalent form of child abuse
Child neglect
Define Child Neglect
Failure to provide for a child’s basic physical, emotional, education, or medical needs
Types of Child Neglect
Physical neglect
Emotional neglect
Educational neglect
Medical neglect
Management of Child Neglect
Identify/recognize the problem
Discuss with family/interdisciplinary team
Management of Cases of Medical Neglect
Simplify care as much as possible
Give written instructions
Remove barriers to access
Why hospitalize a patient for child neglect?
Serious medical conditions
Protect the child
Observe parent/child interaction
Clinical Manifestations of Child Neglect
Orofacial injuries Bruises Bite marks Burns Fractures
Types of Orofacial Injuries in Child Neglect
Intraoral injuries Burns Maxilla, mandible, or facial bone fractures Oropharyngeal gonorrhea or syphilis Black eyes Basilar skull fracture Bruising/scarring corners of the mouth Traumatic alopecia
Bruises in Abused Children
In clusters
In pattern of an implement suggest inflected injury
Ligature marks or rope burns
Differential Diagnosis of Bruises
Bleeding disorders
Salicylate ingestion
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Mongolian spots
Types of Burns
Brands/contact burns Cigarette burns Immersion burns Microwave oven burns Stun gun burns
Reason to Suspect Fractures
Doesn’t fit explanation
Multiple stages of healing
Differential Diagnosis of Burns
Phyophotodermatitis
Complementary & alternative therapies
Congenital insensitivity to pain
What are some complementary and alternative therapies?
Garlic applied to skin
Cupping
Coining
Moxibustion
What to assess in the PE
Skin lesions, swelling, deformity
Bone tenderness
Retinal hemorrhages
Trauma to genitals or mouth
Parental behaviors that may lead to child abuse
Arguing, roughness, or violence
Aloofness/lack of emotional intersection
Inappropriate response to severity of injury
Inappropriate delay in seeking medical care
Partial/frank confession by parent
Lab/Studies to Diagnose Child Abuse
CBC, PT, PTT CMP UA- hematuria Toxicology Skeletal survey Neuro-imaging Ophthalmologic exam
Define Sexual Assault
Attempted sexual touching of another person without their consent & includes sexual intercourse, sodomy, and fondling