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Pediatrics > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Define Embryology

A

Study of the origin and development of an organism

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2
Q

How long is the “fetal” age?

A

38 weeks

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3
Q

How long is the “gestational” age?

A

40 weeks

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4
Q

How long and what defines the “embryonic” period?

A

First 8 weeks

All major organs formed

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5
Q

How long and what defines the “fetal” period?

A

Remaining 30 weeks

Organs grow larger and increase in complexity

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6
Q

Define Ovulation

A

Egg released into the peritoneal cavity

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7
Q

Define Fertilization

A

Occurs as egg travels down the fallopian tube

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8
Q

Define Zygote

A

The cell that forms when the ova and sperm fuse

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9
Q

Define Cell Division

A

Begins immediately as the zygote travels down the fallopian tube and into the uterus

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10
Q

What occurs during the first week after conception?

A

Zygote divides repeatedly
Daughter cells = blastomeres
Morula
Blastocyst

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11
Q

Define Morula

A

Solid cluster of 12-16 blastomeres at about 72 hours

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12
Q

When occurs on day 4 post conception?

A

Morula enters uterus and takes up fluid becoming a blastocyst

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13
Q

Types of Cells in the Blastocyst Stage

A

Inner cell mass

Trophoblast

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14
Q

Define Inner Cell Mass

A

Forms the embryo

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15
Q

Define Trophoblast

A

Layers of cells surrounding the cavity which helps form the placenta

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16
Q

What occurs on day 6 post conception?

A

Implantation of the zygote

17
Q

What occurs during implantation?

A

Tropholast erodes uterine wall

18
Q

Three Primary Germ Layers

A

Ectoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm

19
Q

The ectoderm and endoderm form what?

A

Sheets of epithelial tissue

20
Q

The mesoderm forms what?

A

Mesenchyme tissue

21
Q

Define Gastrulation

A

Invagination of epiblast cells

22
Q

When does the endoderm form?

A

Days 14-15

23
Q

When does the mesoderm form?

A

Day 16

24
Q

What occurs during days 16-18?

A

Epiblast cells invaginate
Migrate anteriorly with endoderm cells
Rod defining body axis formed
Notochord is future site of vertebral column

25
Q

Define Neurulation

A

Formation begins of spinal cord and brain

26
Q

What occurs during neurulation

A

Neural plate to neural groove to neural tube

27
Q

What are the three regions of the mesoderm?

A

Somites: beginning of vertebral bones
Intermediate mesoderm
Lateral plate: forms cavity

28
Q

When does the neural tube close?

A

Starts at the end of week 3 and completes at end of week form

29
Q

What is the somatic mesoderm opposed to?

A

Ectoderm

30
Q

What is the splanchnic mesoderm opposed to?

A

Endoderm

31
Q

What is between the somatic mesoderm and splanchnic mesoderm?

A

Coelom

32
Q

What serous cavities form from the coelom?

A

Peritoneal
Pericardial
Pleural

33
Q

Major Derivatives of the Ectoderm

A

Epidermis, hair, nails, glands of skin
Brain & spinal cord
Neural crest: sensory nerve cells, nervous structures, pigment cells, portions of skeleton, blood vessels in H&N

34
Q

Major Derivatives of the Endoderm

A

Epithelial lining and glands of digestive and respiratory tracts

35
Q

Major Derivatives of the Mesoderm

A 
Nucleus pulposus
Vertebrae & ribs
Dermatomes
Trunk & limb musculature
Kidneys
Gonads
Parietal serosa
Ventral body dermis
CT of limbs
Wall of digestive & respiratory tracts
Visceral serosa
Heart
Blood vessels
36
Q

When does the heart start pumping?

A

4 weeks to 1 month

37
Q

When Does Organogenesis Occur?

A

Weeks 3-8

38
Q

What occurs during organogenesis?

A

Stem cell populations established for each organ

MOST gross structural birth defects are induced

39
Q

What is the significance of organogenesis?

A

Mother MUST avoid environmental, dietary, and drug exposure during this period

Pediatrics (23 decks)

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