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Pediatrics > Immunizations > Flashcards

Immunizations Flashcards

1
Q

Define Herd Immunity

A

The ability of a community to resist epidemic disease

Unvaccinated individuals are indirectly protected by vaccinated individuals

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2
Q

2 Types of Immunization

A

Active

Passive

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3
Q

Define Active Immunization

A

Antigen administration or a polysaccharide, protein, microorganism or deactivated toxin

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4
Q

What does active immunity do?

A

Provides long term immunity
Meaningful immunity not achieved until 2-4 weeks after vaccination
Live are more efficacious

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5
Q

Define Passive Immunization

A

Administration of preformed antibody

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6
Q

What passive immunity do?

A

Provide immediate protection

Short term

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7
Q

Which vaccinations are live viruses?

A

MMR
Varicella
Zoster
Nasal-spray flu

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8
Q

Routes of Administration of Vaccinations

A

IM

SC

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9
Q

Common SE of Vaccinations

A

Fever

Local reaction

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10
Q

True Vaccination Contraindications

A

Previous anaphylactic reaction to vaccine
History of anaphylaxis to eggs or egg-protein
Previous anaphylactic reaction to neomycin or streptomycin
Hx of severe systemic reactions to cholera, typhoid, or plague
Immunocompromised adults due to disease or treatment
Household members of immunocompromised patient
Pregnant women

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11
Q

Recommended action for a previous anaphylactic reaction to vaccine

A

Avoid revaccination of the specific vaccine

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12
Q

Recommended action for history of anaphylaxis to eggs or egg-protein

A

Avoid MMR
Avoid influenza
Avoid yellow-fever

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13
Q

Recommended action for previous anaphylactic reaction to neomycin or streptomycin

A

Avoid MMR

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14
Q

Recommended action for history of severe systemic reactions

A

Avoid revaccination

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15
Q

Recommended action for immunocompromised adults as a result of disease or treatment

A

Avoid live virus vaccines

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16
Q

Recommended action for household members of immunocompromised patients

A

Avoid oral polio

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17
Q

Recommended action for pregnant women

A

Avoid live vaccines

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18
Q

Misconceptions about Vaccine Contraindications

A

Can’t administer if MILD respiratory, intestinal, or flu-like illness
Mild/moderate local reactions
Hx of seizures
Non-vaccine associated demyelinating conditions

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19
Q

Hepatitis B Vaccine Schedule

A

1st: at birth
2nd: 6-8 weeks
3rd: 4-18 months
4th: 6 months

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20
Q

What do we do for infants born of hepatitis B positive mothers?

A

Administer vaccine
Administer HBIG
Within 12 hours

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21
Q

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Alternative Names

A

PCV13

Prevnar13

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22
Q

What is the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia worldwide & principa cause of sepsis and meningitis?

A

Strep pneumo

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23
Q

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Schedule

A

1st: 6-8 weeks
2nd: 4 months
3rd: 6 months
4th: 12-15 months

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24
Q

What was the leading cause of childhood meningitis, pneumonia, and epiglottis prior to vaccine?

A

H. flu

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25
Q

Indications to administer HIB to children >5

A 
Sickle cell disease
HIV/AIDS
Removal of spleen
Bone marrow transplant
Certain CA patients
26
Q

HIB Vaccination Schedule

A

1st: 6-8 weeks
2nd: 4 months
3rd: 6 months
4th: 15-18 months

27
Q

Polio Vaccination Schedule

A

1st: 6-8 weeks
2nd: 4 months
3rd: 6 months
4th: 4-6 years

28
Q

What is included in the DTaP vaccination?

A

Diptheria
Tetanus
Acellular pertusis

29
Q

What does the uppercase letters indicate in the Tdap vaccination?

A

Full-strength dose

30
Q

DTaP Vaccination Schedule

A

1st: 6-8 weeks
2nd: 4 months
3rd: 6 months
4th: 15-18 months
5th: 4-6 years
Booster doses: every 10 years (possibly 5 soon)

31
Q

How is the rotavirus vaccine administered?

A

Orally

32
Q

What is the single most important viral cause of severe gastroenteritis in children worldwide?

A

Rotavirus

33
Q

What are the names of the 2 rotavirus vaccinations?

A

RV5 (RotaTeq)- 2mL dose/3 doses

RV1 (Rotarix)- 2mL dose/2 doses

34
Q

Rotavirus Vaccination Schedule

A

1st: 6-8 weeks
2nd: 4 months
3rd: 6 months (RotaTeq-RV1)

35
Q

What is the rotavirus vaccine associated with an increased risk of?

A

Intussesception

36
Q

When is the influenza vaccination recommended?

A

Annually in 6 months to 18 years

37
Q

The first year a child receives the vaccination how many doses do they need?

A

2 doses

38
Q

How many influenza viruses does the influenza vaccine protect from?

A

3 or 4

39
Q

How long until there is protection from the influenza vaccine?

A

2 weeks

40
Q

Who is the Intranasal Live Influenza Vaccine Approved for?

A

Healthy patients age 2-49 years who are NOT pregnant

41
Q

What type of vaccine is the Hepatitis A vaccine?

A

Inactivated whole virus vaccine

42
Q

Hepatitis A Vaccination Schedule

A

1st: 12 months
2nd: 24 months

43
Q

What type of vaccine is the MMR vaccine?

A

Live attenuated vaccine

44
Q

MMR Vaccination Schedule

A

1st: 12-18 months
2nd: 4-6 years

45
Q

Symptoms of Rubella (German Measles)

A

Rash
Arthritis (females)
Mild fever

46
Q

What type of vaccine is the Varicella vaccine?

A

Live, attenuated

47
Q

Varicella Vaccination Schedule

A

1st: 12-15 months
2nd: 4-6 years

48
Q

Meningococcal Vaccination Schedule

A

1st: 11-12 years
2nd: 16+ years

49
Q

HPV Vaccination Schedule

A

1st: 11-12 years
2nd: 2 months after that
3rd: 4+ months after that

50
Q

What are the FDA approved combo vaccines?

A 
DTap, DT, Tdap, Td
MMR
MMRV (Proquad)
DTaP, HepB, IPV (Pediarix)
HepA + HepB (Twinrix) 18+ y.o.
HiB + Hep B (Comvax)
DTaP + HiB (TriHIBit)
51
Q

Pediarix (DTaP, Hep B, IPV)

A

Minimum age: 6 weeks

3 doses: 2, 4, & 6 months

52
Q

What vaccines are recommended at birth?

A

Hepatitis B

53
Q

What vaccines are recommended at 6-8 weeks?

A

Prevnar
HiB
Rotavirus
Pediarix- DTAP, Hep B, IVP

54
Q

What vaccines are recommended at 4 months?

A

Prevnar
HiB
Rotavirus
Pediarix- DTaP, IVP, Hep B

55
Q

What vaccines are recommended at 6 months?

A 
Prevnar
HiB
Rotavirus
Influenza
Pediarix- DTaP, IVP, Hep B
56
Q

What vaccines are recommended at 9 months?

A

None :)

57
Q

What vaccines are recommended at 12 months?

A

Prevnar
HiB
Hep A

58
Q

What vaccines are recommended at 15 months?

A

DTaP

ProQuad- MMR, varicella

59
Q

What vaccine is recommended at 18-24 months?

A

Hep A

60
Q

What vaccines are recommended at 4-6 years?

A

DTaP
IPV
ProQuad- MMR, varicella

61
Q

What vaccines are recommended at 12 years?

A

Tdap (booster)
HPV
Meningococcal

62
Q

What vaccine is recommended at 16-18 years?

A

Meningococcal (booster)

Pediatrics (23 decks)

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