Adolescent Health Flashcards
Types of Biologic Maturation During Puberty
Growth in stature
Development of secondary sex characteristics
Achievement of fertility
Changes in Body Systems During Puberty
Neuroendocrine axis
Bone size & mineralization
CV system
Onset of Puberty
Critical body weight or composition
Leptin for progression of puberty & produced by adipocytes
Stage 1 of Sexual Maturity
Preadolescent pubic hair, breast, penis, testes
Stage 2 of Sexual Maturity
Pubic hair: sparse, long, lightly pigmented
Breast: bud, breast & papilla elevated, increased areolar diameter
Penis: slight enlargement
Testes: enlarged scrotum, pink, texture roughened
Stage 3 of Sexual Maturity
Pubic hair: increased pigmentation, more curly
Breast: enlarged breast & areolar
Penis: increased length
Testes: increased size
Stage 4 of Sexual Maturity
Pubic Hair: adult type
Breast: areola & papilla form secondary mound
Penis: glans enlarged, increased breadth
Testes: enlarged, darkened in color
Stage 5 of Sexual Maturity
Pubic hair: adult distribution spread to middle thigh
Breast: nipple elevated
Penis: adult size
Testes: adult size
What are the “perils” of puberty?
Anemia Gynecomastia Acne Psychological functioning Musculoskeletal injuries STI's
Define Delayed Puberty
Absence or incomplete development of secondary sexual characteristics by an age at which 95% of children of that sex & culture have initiated sexual maturation
Primary Delayed Puberty
Due to hypogonadism and/or defects in their receptors on the membrane of the gonadal cells
Secondary Delayed Puberty
Gonads intact
Problem with secretion of LH, FSH, or GnRH
Defects due to hypopituitarism, hypothyroidism, or hyperprolactemia
What is Adolescence for?
Exploring their environment
Coping with change
Testing boundaries
Developing independence
Primary Values for Adolescents
Freedom
Fun
Friends
Goals of Adolescence
Become independent from parents Develop workable value system Become comfortable with bodily changes Build meaningful relationships Begin establishing economic independence
Normal Teen Behaviors
Express opinions Test limits Take Risks Experiment Develop abstract operations
Define Abstract Operations
Widened scope of intellectual activity and an increased capacity for insight
Top 5 Causes of Mortality in the Adolescent Population
MVA Homicide Suicide CA Heart disease
Adverse Health Outcomes in the Adolescent Population
Alcohol use Drug use Tobacco use Sex Sedentary lifestyle
Establishing Rapport with Adolescents
Provider must like adolescents Avoid surrogate parent role Avoid adolescent role Act as an interested & caring advocate Listen carefully and see clues Instill responsibility
Confidentiality in Teens
Critical for teens Establish parameters of confidentiality State you will alert parents if suicidal or homicidal thoughts Attempt to meet with teen alone Stress responsibility for their health
Immunizations for Adolescents
Varicella vaccine Tdap Meningococcal vaccine Gardasil Hep B IPV MMR