Infectious Disease Flashcards
Presentation of Otitis Media
Fever Cranky Congestion Pulling at ear Irritable
Risk Factors in Otitis Media
Caretaker smoking
Bottle propping
Day-care attendance
Most Common Bugs in OM
Strep pneumo
H. influenza
M. catarrhalis
Treatment of OM
Amoxicillin
Ceftriaxone- IM
Azithromycin- flavored, low maintenance
Augmentin
Complications of OM
Mastoiditis Cavernous sinus thrombosis Meningitis Brain abscess Scarring of the structures of the middle ear
Define Otitis Externa
Inflammation of the external auditory canal or auricle
Causes of Otitis Externa
Infectious
Allergic
Dermal disease
Risk Factors for Otitis Externa
Swimming Humid environments Sticking things in ear to clean Allergic eczema Immunocompromised
Bacterial Culprits in Otitis Externa
Staph aureus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Proteus
Signs/Symptoms of Otitis Externa
Otalgia Tragus pain Pain when auricle is pulled Pruritis Discharge Hearing loss
Otoscopic Exam of a Patient with Otitis Externa
Edematous & erythematous ear canal
Yellow, brown, white, or grey debris
No middle ear fluid
TM should be mobile
Treatment of Otitis Externa
Cleaning of ear canal
Protect ear canal from water
Treatment of inflammation & infection
Treatment of Otitis Externa if TM Intact
Cortisporin
Cipro HC
Tobradex
Sore Throat
Inflammation or infection of the tonsils, uvula, soft palate, and posterior oropharynx
Viral Sore Throat Symptoms
Coughing Sneezing Dripping Fatigue Anorexia Abdominal pain
Strep Sore Throat Symptoms
Toxic sensation Muscle aches Beefy red tonsils with exudate Uvulitis Plaques Exudates Anterior cervical lymphadenopathy Fever Headache Abdominal pain Strawberry tongue
Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis
Common in older children
Viruses
Strep pyogenes (Group A beta-hemolytic strep)
Complications of Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis
Rheumatic heart disease
Scarlet fever
Glomerulonephritis
How soon does Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis need to be treated?
Within 10 days
Treatment of Group A Beta-Hemolytic Strep
Penicillin VK
Cephalosporin
Clarithromycin
Macrolide
Which viruses present with beefy red tonsils plus exudate?
EBV
Coxsackie virus
Enterovirus
Beefreddytonsilovirus
EBV (Mononucleosis)
Malaise Beefy red tonsils Exudate Diffuse lymphadenopathy Splenomegaly AFEBRILE
Diagnostics of EBV
Monospot- heterophile antibody testing
CBC
Management of EBV
Education
No contact sports 6-8 weeks