Inhibits Protein Synthesis (MALTO)

Question 1

What is the main action of Macrolides?

Answer 1

Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit

Question 2

What is Erythromycin’s spectrum of activity?

Answer 2

Gram-positive cocci, atypical bacteria

Question 3

What are the indications for Erythromycin?

Answer 3

Upper respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, COPD exacerbations

Question 4

What are common resistance mechanisms against Erythromycin?

Answer 4

Efflux pumps, methylation of the ribosomal binding site that changes the binding site

Question 5

Which drug class includes Azithromycin, and what is its MOA?

Answer 5

Macrolides; inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit

Question 6

For which conditions is Azithromycin specifically used?

Answer 6

Upper respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, COPD exacerbations, and skin infections

Question 7

What is the MOA of Aminoglycosides like Gentamicin?

Answer 7

Bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and inhibit protein synthesis

Question 8

Which bacteria are susceptible to Gentamicin?

Answer 8

Aerobic gram-negative rods, Staphylococcus aureus, certain Enterococci

Question 9

What are the clinical uses for Tetracyclines?

Answer 9

Acne, rosacea, periodontal disease, respiratory tract infections, chlamydia, mycoplasma, rickettsia

Question 10

How do bacteria commonly develop resistance against Tetracyclines?

Answer 10

Decreased accumulation by decreased uptake or increased efflux, and protection of the ribosomal binding site