A Class of its Own Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Nitroimidazole drugs like Metronidazole?

A

Bactericidal: Pro-drugs converted to active metabolites which then damage DNA and proteins via reduction reactions

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2
Q

What is the spectrum of activity for Metronidazole?

A

Anaerobes and protozoa (Clostridioides difficile, Gardnerella vaginalis, H. pylori, Trichomonas, Giardia, Amebiasis)

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3
Q

In which formulations is Metronidazole available?

A

Oral, intravenous (IV), topical, vaginal

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4
Q

What are the common dosing instructions for Metronidazole?

A

500 mg orally twice a day for 7 days

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5
Q

What are the common side effects of Metronidazole?

A

GI effects such as nausea, dysgeusia (metallic taste), headache; CNS effects such as vertigo, insomnia, and rare but possibly severe rash

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6
Q

What are the drug interactions associated with Metronidazole?

A

Alcohol can cause an Antabuse-like reaction; potentiates anticoagulant effects of warfarin; increases plasma levels of of lithium = lithium toxicity

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