Antivirals for Herpes Virus Variants

Question 1

What is the general treatment approach for Herpes Simplex Virus infections?

Answer 1

Acyclovir is typically used, starting within 72 hours of symptom onset for an initial outbreak, and for suppression or treatment of recurrent episodes.

Question 2

What are the indications for Famciclovir in the context of antiviral treatment?

Answer 2

Treatment of HSV and Varicella Zoster Virus (shingles) infections.

Question 3

What are the contraindications and side effects of Valacyclovir?

Answer 3

Contraindicated in cases of renal insufficiency; side effects include malaise, headache, and potential thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome in immunocompromised.

Question 4

For what types of infections is Ganciclovir used and what are its dosing instructions?

Answer 4

Used for cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis; dosing typically involves 5 mg/kg IV twice a day.

Question 5

What is the mechanism of action for Azoles like Fluconazole?

Answer 5

Inhibits fungal cytochrome P450 enzyme lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase – crucial for ergosterol synthesis.

Question 6

What infections are Triazoles such as Itraconazole commonly used to treat?

Answer 6

Systemic mycoses, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, and histoplasmosis.

Question 7

For which fungal infections is Amphotericin B the drug of choice and how is it administered?

Answer 7

Used as a broad-spectrum antifungal, often in severe infections like cryptococcosis; administered intravenously.

Question 8

What is the mechanism of action for Echinocandins like Caspofungin?

Answer 8

Inhibits fungal cell wall synthesis by blocking the enzyme 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase.

Question 9

Under what circumstances is Flucytosine used and why is it considered ‘last resort’?

Answer 9

Used for severe fungal infections; considered last resort due to potential for toxicity and resistance development.