Inheritance Flashcards
What are chromosomes and where are they found?
Long lengths of DNA coiled up. The nucleus.
What is a gene?
Short section of DNA
What is a diploid and how many chromosomes are in one?
Diploids are every cell in the human body and they have 46 chromosomes
What are genes?
A section of DNA that codes for a protein
What is DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid)?
2 polynucleotide strands joined by complimentary nitrogenous bases coiled in a double helix
What is a genome?
All the DNA of an organism
How are proteins made?
Reading the code in the DNA?
What is transcription?
1) RNA binds to a region of non-coding DNA in front of a gene
2) The two DNA strands unzip and the RNA moves along on of the strands of DNA
3) It uses the coding DNA in the gene as a template to make the mRNA. Base pairing between the DNA and RNA ensures that the mRNA is complementary to the gene
4) Once made, the mRNA molecules moves out of the nucleus and joins with a ribosome in the cytoplasm
What is translation?
1) Amino acids are brought to the ribosome by another RNA molecule called transfer RNA
2) The order in which the amino acids are brought to the ribosome matches the order of the codons in mRNA
3) Part of the tRNA’s structure is called an anticodon - it is complementary to make the codon for the amino acid. The pairing of the codon and anticodon makes the codon for the amino acid. The pairing of the codon and anticodon makes the codon for the amino acids are brought to the ribosome in the correct order
4) The amino acids are joined together by the ribosome. This make a protein
What is mitosis?
When a cell reproduces itself by splitting to form two cells with identical sets of chromosomes
What are the characteristics for mitosis?
1) Growth and repair
2) Every cell but sex cell
3) Replicate chromosomes
4) 46 parent chromosomes in parent cell
5) Cells replicate
6) 2 daughter cells are made
7) 46 chromosomes in daughter cells
8) Produces genetically identical cells
What is meiosis?
Produces four haploid cells whose chromosomes are not identical
What are the characteristics for meiosis?
1) Makes sex cells
2) Replicates and swaps chromosomes
3) 46 chromosomes in parent cell
4) Cells do replicate
5) 4 daughter cells are made
6) 23 chromosomes are in the daughter cells
7) Doesn’t produce genetically identical cells
What is an allele?
Different form of the same gene
What is a genotype?
The alleles present in an organism
