Coordination and Response

Question 1

What do receptors do?

Answer 1

Detect stimuli

Question 2

What do effectors do?

Answer 2

Cells that bring about a response to stimuli

Question 3

What is in the CNS?

Answer 3

Spine and brain

Question 4

What does the CNS do?

Answer 4

Coordinate the response to the stimuli

Question 5

What do synapses do?

Answer 5

Connect neurones

Question 6

How do synapses work?

Answer 6

The nerve signal is transferred by chemicals called neurotransmitters which diffuse across the gap
These chemicals then set off a new electrical signal in the next neurone

Question 7

What do reflexes do?

Answer 7

Help prevent injury

Question 8

How do reflexes work?

Answer 8

The neurones in reflex arcs for through the spinal cord or through an unconscious art of the brain. This makes the effector act faster protecting the body

Question 9

What does the conjunctiva do?

Answer 9

Lubricates and protects the surface of the eye

Question 10

What does the sclera do?

Answer 10

Protects the eye

Question 11

What does the cornea do?

Answer 11

Refracts light into the eye

Question 12

What does the iris do?

Answer 12

Controls the diameter of the pupil

Question 13

What does the lens do?

Answer 13

Focuses the light onto the retina

Question 14

What does the optic nerve do?

Answer 14

Carries impulses to the brain

Question 15

What is the iris reflex and what does it do?

Answer 15

The iris reflex adjusts for really bright or dim light to protect the eye.
When the light it bright the eye becomes smaller letting less light in
When the light is low the eye becomes larger allowing more light in

Question 16

What happens when you focus on distant objects?

Answer 16

1) The ciliary muscles relax so the suspensory ligaments pull tight
2) Lens goes flat
3) Refracts light by a smaller amount

Question 17

What happens when you focus on near objects?

Answer 17

1) Ciliary muscles contract so the suspensory ligaments relax
2) Lens becomes more curved
3) This increases the amount by which it refracts light

Question 18

What are hormones?

Answer 18

Hormones are chemical messengers that are sent into the blood

Question 19

Where is adrenaline produced and what does it do?

Answer 19

Adrenal gland, increases the heart rate and blood flo

Question 20

Where is insulin produced and what does it do?

Answer 20

Pancreas, Stimulates the liver to turn glucose into glycogen for storage

Question 21

Where is testosterone produced and what does it do?

Answer 21

Testes, promotes male characteristics

Question 22

Where is progesterone produced and what does it do?

Answer 22

Ovaries, maintains the lining of the uterus

Question 23

Where is oestrogen produced and what does it do?

Answer 23

Ovaries, controls the menstrual cycle and promotes female characteristics

Question 24

Where is ADH produced and what does it do?

Answer 24

Pituitary gland, controls water content

Question 25

Where is FSH and LH produced and what do they do?

Answer 25

Pituitary gland, female sex hormone

Question 26

What is the difference between a nerve and a hormone?

Answer 26

Nerves are fast, act for a short time and act on a precise area
Hormones are slower, act for a long time and act in a general area

Question 27

What is homeostasis?

Answer 27

Balancing body functions to maintain a constant internal enviroment

Question 28

How is water lost from the body?

Answer 28

1) Sweat
2) Breathing
3) Urine

Question 29

What is the internal body temperature?

Answer 29

37 degrees

Question 30

What does the body do when you are too hot?

Answer 30

1) Produces sweat - transfers energy from your skin to the environment
2) Blood vessels close to the surface widen - transfers more energy into the surroundings
3) Hairs lie flat

Question 31

What happens to the body when you are too cold?

Answer 31

1) Little sweat is produced
2) Blood vessels near the surface constrict - transfers less energy to the surroundings
3) You shiver - increases the rate of respiration to warm up the body
4) Hairs stand up - traps an insulating layer of air

Question 32

Why can smaller organisms cool down quicker?

Answer 32

They have a bigger surface area to volume ratio
Can lose body heat in hot climates easily but they are vulnerable in cold environments

Question 33

What are auxins?

Answer 33

Growth hormones that control the growth at the tips of shoots and roots

Question 34

What does it mean when something is positively photrophic?

Answer 34

It grows towards the light

Question 35

What does it mean when something is negatively phototrophic?

Answer 35

It grows away from the light

Question 36

What does it mean when something is positively geotrophic?

Answer 36

It will grow away from gravity

Question 37

What does it mean when something is negatively geotropic?

Answer 37

It grows towards gravity