Inguinal Canal

Question 1

Visceral layer that wraps around each testicle

Answer 1

tunica vaginalis

Question 2

What ligament is the inguinal canal bounded by?

Answer 2

inguinal ligament

Question 3

What makes up the three arches of the inguinal canal?

Answer 3

1) transversalis abdominis
2) internal oblique
3) external oblique

Question 4

What layer makes up the deep ring?

Answer 4

transversalis fascia

Question 5

What layer makes up the superficial ring?

Answer 5

external oblique

Question 6

Where does the inguinal canal end?

Answer 6

superficial ring

Question 7

What are the three layers spermatic cord passes through in the inguinal canal?

Answer 7

1) transversalis fascia
2) internal oblique
3) external oblique
* *does not pass through transversalis abdominis but does run just underneath it

Question 8

What is the anterior border of inguinal canal?

Answer 8

aponeurosis of external oblique

Question 9

What is the floor of inguinal canal?

Answer 9

inguinal ligament (from external oblique)

Question 10

What is the the floor medially of inguinal canal?

Answer 10

lacunar ligament

Question 11

What is the posterior border of inguinal canal?

Answer 11

transversalis fascia

Question 12

What is the posterior medially of inguinal canal?

Answer 12

conjoint tendon

Question 13

What does the parietal peritoneum of the abdominal wall become in the spermatic cord?

Answer 13

it invaginates the testes to become tunica vaginalis

Question 14

What does the transversalis fascia of the abdominal wall become in the spermatic cord?

Answer 14

inner spermatic fascia

Question 15

What does the transversus abdominus become in the spermatic cord?

Answer 15

nothing. it has no contribution

Question 16

What does the internal oblique of the abdominal wallbecome in the spermatic cord?

Answer 16

cremasteric muscle and fascia

Question 17

What does the external oblique of the abdominal wall become in the spermatic cord?

Answer 17

external spermatic fascia

Question 18

What does the Scarpa’s fasica of the abdominal wall become in the spermatic cord?

Answer 18

Dartos muscle and fascia

Question 19

What does the Camper’s fascia of the abdominal wall become in the spermatic cord?

Answer 19

nothing. it has no contribution

Question 20

What does the skin of the abdominal wall become in the spermatic cord?

Answer 20

skin of scrotum

Question 21

Thick muscular tube that carries sperm and semen

Answer 21

ductus (vas) deferens

Question 22

Which muscle is responsible for pulling up the testis when it’s cold?

Answer 22

Cremasteric muscle

Question 23

Which muscle is responsible for the wrinkling of the scrotum?

Answer 23

Dartos muscle

Question 24

What innervates pyramidalis muscle?

Answer 24

subcostal T12

Question 25

What innervates cremasteric muscle?

Answer 25

genital branch of genitofemoral n

Question 26

What innervates dartos muscle?

Answer 26

sympathetics running with ilioinguinal and posterior scrotal nerves

Question 27

Which nerve runs through the inguinal canal?

Answer 27

genital branch of genitofemoral (L1-L2)

Question 28

What are the contents of the inguinal canal?

Answer 28

1) ductus deferens 2) vessels 3) nerves 4) lymphatics 5) vestige of the processus vaginalis

Question 29

What artery supplies the testicles?

Answer 29

testicular artery

Question 30

From what does the testicular a. originate from?

Answer 30

aorta

Question 31

What artery supplies the cremaster muscle?

Answer 31

cremasteric a

Question 32

From what does the cremasteric a. originate from?

Answer 32

inferior epigastric a.

Question 33

A network formed by ~12 veins that converge superiorly as left or right testicular veins

Answer 33

pampiniform plexus

Question 34

What is the functional significance of pampiniform plexus?

Answer 34

it wraps around the testicular a and helps dissipate heat from the artery before it travels down to the scrotum

Question 35

What is processus vaginalis?

Answer 35

projection of parietal peritoneum into the developing scrotum

Question 36

Ligamentous like primordia that attaches between developing testis/ovary and scrotal labial folds

Answer 36

gubernaculum

Question 37

What does the gubernaculum become in the female?

Answer 37

crainally --> ovarian ligament | caudually --> round ligament

Question 38

What is the female homologue to the scrotum?

Answer 38

labia majora

Question 39

Do females have cremaster muscle?

Answer 39

yes, it's a few short loops of muscle around the round ligament (not as prominent as the males')

Question 40

Where does the round ligament terminate?

Answer 40

labia majora

Question 41

True or False. There's also internal and external fascia homologous to males'

Answer 41

True

Question 42

Which hernia is this? Most likely acquired condition.Through Hasselbach's triangle, medial to spermatic cord, can be contained by external oblique or push through the superficial ring

Answer 42

Direct

Question 43

Which hernia is this? Most likely acquired condition. Affects both sexes equally, below inguinal ligament where the femoral vessels push through

Answer 43

femoral

Question 44

Which hernia is this? Most likely congenital condition. Passing through the patent processus vaginalis, alongside spermatic cord

Answer 44

Indirect

Question 45

Which hernia is this? Borders: inferior epigastric vessels, rectus abdominus, and inguinal ligament

Answer 45

Direct

Question 46

What condition is this? general condition of a cyst within the epidermis, often related to the infection of a hair follicle

Answer 46

sebaceous cyst

Question 47

What condition is this? serous fluid or blood build-up within the tunica vaginalis

Answer 47

hydrocele and hematocele

Question 48

What condition is this? testes that deviate from the normal path and lodge somewhere in the abdominal cavity

Answer 48

ectopic testes

Question 49

Which condition is this? cyst within the head of the epididymis. very common and patients may think they have testicular cancer

Answer 49

spermatocele

Question 50

Which condition is this? failure of testes to properly descend

Answer 50

cryptorchidism

Question 51

Which condition is this? only one testicle

Answer 51

monorchidism

Question 52

Which condition is this? more than 2 testicles

Answer 52

polyorchidism

Question 53

Which condition is this? vas deferens is cut and can be tied off

Answer 53

vasectomy

Question 54

What are the 4 causes of hernias?

Answer 54

1) erect posture --> increased intra-abdominal pressue 2) persistence of processus vaginalis 3) muscular atrophy 4) tissue abnormality