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Anatomy Exam 4 > Ab 2 > Flashcards

Ab 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which parts of the small intestine are intraperitoneal?

A

1) 1st (superior) and 5th (terminal slip) part of duodenum
2) jejunum
3) ileum

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2
Q

Which parts of the duodenum are secondary retroperitoneal?

A

2nd (descending), 3rd (horizontal), and 4th (ascending)

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3
Q

Where do ducts carrying excretions from the liver, gall bladder and pancreas enter?

A

duodenum

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4
Q

Where does jejunum start?

A

where the small intestine becomes free from secondary adhesion to the peritoneum

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5
Q

Which part of the small intestine run 40% of the length between the duodenum and cecum?

A

jejunum

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6
Q

Is the cecum part of the small or large intestine?

A

large intestine

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7
Q

What are three characteristics that separate small intestine from large intestine?

A

1) taenia coli
2) haustra
3) epiploic appendages

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8
Q

What is the blind intestinal pouch?

A

cecum

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9
Q

Where is vermiform appendix located?

A

lower pole of cecum

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10
Q

Is the cecum intraperitoneal, primary or secondary retroperitoneal?

A

intraperitoneal

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11
Q

Which part of the large intestine is found between cecum and right colic flexure?

A

ascending colon

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12
Q

Which part of the large intestine is found between right and left colic flexures?

A

transverse colon

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13
Q

Which part of the large intestine forms the left paracolic gutter?

A

descending colon

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14
Q

Which part of the large intestine forms the right paracolic gutter?

A

ascending colon

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15
Q

Which part of the large intestine is s-shaped?

A

sigmoid colon

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16
Q

Which part of the large intestine is fixed in position?

A

rectum

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17
Q

Which part of the large intestine is primarily retroperitoneal?

A

rectum and anus

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18
Q

Which parts of the large intestine are intraperitoneal?

A

cecum, transverse colon, and sigmoid colon

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19
Q

Which parts of the large intestine are secondarily peritoneal?

A

ascending colon and descending colon

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20
Q

Which part of the large intestine does not have taenia coli?

A

from rectosigmoid junction and beyond - rectum

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21
Q

Which part of the large intestine fuses greater omentum?

A

transverse colon

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22
Q

Which portion of the large intestine marks the division between embryonic midgut and hindgut?

A

midgut - duodenum to left colic flexure

hindgut - left colic flexure and beyond

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23
Q

Which three branches does the celiac trunk split into?

A

1) left gastric a
2) splenic a
3) common hepatic a

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24
Q

Which of the three branches of celiac trunk is the largest/

A

splenic a

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25
Q

What artery supplies the proximal portion of the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

left gastric a

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26
Q

What artery supplies the spleen?

A

splenic a

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27
Q

What three branches does the splenic a split into?

A

1) pancreatic arteries
2) short gastric arteries
3) left gastro-omental (gastroepiploic) a

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28
Q

What does the pancreatic arteries supply?

A

neck, body and tail of pancreas

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29
Q

What does the short gastric arteries supply?

A

stomach (closest to the spleen)

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30
Q

What does the left gastro-omental (gastroepiploic) a supply?

A

left side of the greater curvature of the stomach

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31
Q

What artery supplies the liver?

A

R and L hepatic a. (from proper hepatic a)

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32
Q

what does the common hepatic a split into (3)?

A

1) gastroduodenal a
2) R. gastric a
3) proper hepatic a.

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33
Q

What does the gastroduodenal a further divides into (3)?

A

1) R. gastro-omental (gastroepiploic) a
2) superior pancreaticoduodenal a
3) supraduodenal a

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34
Q

What does the proper hepatic a further divides into (2)?

A

1) R. hepatic a

2) L. hepatic a

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35
Q

Which artery supplies the right side of the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

R. gastro-omental (gastroepiploic) a.

36
Q

The left gastro-omental a. supplies _____ and is a branch of _______

A

1) left greater curvature

2) splenic a

37
Q

The right gastro-omental a supplies _____ and is a branch of ______

A

1) right greater curvature

2) gastroduodenal a. (from common hepatic a)

38
Q

What artery supplies the stomach, pancreas and head of the duodenum?

A

superior pancreaticoduodenal a

39
Q

What artery goes to the superior duodenum, but sometimes absent?

A

supraduodenal a

40
Q

What artery supplies the right lesser curvature?

A

R. gastric a.

41
Q

What branch does the R. hepatic a give off?

A

cystic a

42
Q

What artery supplies the gall bladder?

A

cystic a

43
Q

Where does the left hepatic artery go?

A

liver

44
Q

What are the branches of superior mesenteric artery (6)?

A

1) inferior pancreaticoduodenal a
2) intestinal branches
3) ileocolic a
4) R. colic a
5) middle colic a
6) marginal a

45
Q

Where does the inferior pancreaticoduodenal a go?

A

head of the pancreas and the duodenum

46
Q

Where does the intestinal branches go?

A

jejunum and ileum

47
Q

Where does ileocolic a go?

A

distal ileum and cecum

48
Q

Where does R. colic a go?

A

ascending colon

49
Q

Where does middle colic a go?

A

transverse colon

50
Q

What artery is known as the anastomotic artery that circles the colon?

A

marginal a

51
Q

What forms the marginal a?

A

branches of ileocolic, R. colic, middle colic, and left colic

52
Q

What does the marginal a give rise to ?

A

vasae rectae (straight vessels)

53
Q

What are the branches of inferior mesenteric a?

A

1) L. colic a
2) sigmoid a
3) superior rectal a

54
Q

Where does the L. colic a go?

A

descending colon

55
Q

Where does the sigmoid a go?

A

sigmoid colon

56
Q

Where does the superior rectal a go?

A

proximal recutm

57
Q

The R. colic a supplies ______ and is a branch of ______

A

1) ascending colon
2) SMA
* *midgut

58
Q

The L. colic a supplies ______ and is a branch of _____

A

1) descending colon
2) IMA
* *hindgut

59
Q

Superior pancreaticoduodenal a supplies ____ and is a branch of _____

A

1) stomach, pancreas, and head of duodenum
2) gastroduodenal a (<– celiac trunk)
* *foregut

60
Q

Inferior pancreaticodudodenal a supplies ____ and is a branch of _____

A

1) head of pancreas and duodenum
2) SMA
* *midgut

61
Q

Where does deoxygenated blood from the abdomen drain to?

A

it goes through the hepatic portal system then to the inferior vena cava

62
Q

What is a portal system?

A

circulatory system between two capillary beds

63
Q

What are the three branches of the hepatic portal system and what part of the gut are they located?

A

1) splenic vein - foregut
2) superior mesenteric vein (midgut)
3) inferior mesenteric vein (hindgut)

64
Q

What is the primary function of the hepatic portal system?

A

allows the liver to filter blood (detoxification)

65
Q

Everything that goes through the gut will go through the hepatic portal system, what about suppositories?

A

this drug delivery system will bypass the hepatic portal system

66
Q

Nitro-glycerin is administered under the tongue instead of pill form, why?

A

If placed underneath the tongue, the drug will be absorbed through the circulatory system without going through the hepatic portal system. If taken in pill form, the liver will turn the drug into something useless

67
Q

What condition can cause this: blood pressure raised due to resistance of diseased liver? What does the body do to compensate?

A

Portal hypertension. alternate routes around the hepatic portal vein via portal-caval anatomoses

68
Q

What condition can cause this: esophageal varices?

A

esophageal anatomosis (if burst, the blood can drown the individual)

69
Q

What condition can cause this: hemorrhoids?

A

rectal anatomosis

70
Q

What condition can cause this: caput medusa?

A

umbilical anastomosis

71
Q

Secondarily retroperitoneal regions of the colon have anastomoses between portal vein and body wall veins

A

colonic anastomosis - generally no symptoms

72
Q

Generally, ____ act to innervate blood vessels and inhibit parasympathetics

A

sympathetics

73
Q

Visceral afferents travel with the ___ ___ fibers

A

sympathetic motor

74
Q

____ act to promote peristalsis and some secretions

A

parasympathetics

75
Q

What spinal nerve levels provide innervations at the foregut?

A

T5 - T9

76
Q

Describe the pathway of spinal nerve through the foregut

A

presynaptics –> synaptic chain –> greater splanchnic n –> synapse in celiac ganglia –> postsynaptics follow celiac trunk –> target organs

77
Q

What nerve is responsible for parasympathetics in the foregut?

A

vagus

78
Q

Describe the journey of the parasympathetics at the foregut

A

from the brain –> pass through Vagus –> celiac plexus (without synapsing) –> target organ –> synapses in ganglia in gut plexuses –> postsynaptics reach targets via short postsynaptic fibers

79
Q

What spinal nerve levels provide sympathetic innervations at the midgut?

A

T10 - T12

80
Q

Describe the pathway of sympathetic fibers through the midgut

A

presynaptics –> synaptic chain –> lesser splanchnic and least splanchnic n –> synapse in superior mesenteric ganglion –> postsynaptics follow SMA –> target organs

81
Q

Describe the pathway of parasympathetic fibers through the midgut

A

Same as foregut, instead of celiac plexus and celiac trunk, it passes through superior mesenteric plexus and SMA

82
Q

What spinal nerve levels provide sympathetic innervations at the hindgut?

A

L1 - L2

83
Q

Describe the pathway of sympathetic fibers through the hindgut

A

passes through lumbar splanchnic nerves, synapses in inferior mesenteric ganglion and follow IMA

84
Q

Describe the pathway of parasympathetic fibers through the hindgut

A

Arise from S2-S4 (not vagus) –> pelvic splanchnic nerves –> hypogastric plexus and inferior mesenteric plexus –> IMA –> the rest is the same as foregut and midgut

85
Q

celiac trunk
Vagus
T5 - T9

A

innervation of foregut

86
Q

T10 - T12
superior mesenteric
Vagus

A

innervation of midgut

87
Q

L1 - L2
inferior mesenteric
S2 - S4 (not Vagus)

A

innervation of hindgut

Anatomy Exam 4 (9 decks)

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