Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy Exam 4 > Ab 1 - Embryology > Flashcards

Ab 1 - Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

This germ layer forms the integument and the nervous system, including the proctodeum and the stomodeum

A

ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

This germ layer forms the muscles, muscular walls of the gut tube and most connective tissues, including bones, etc

A

mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

This germ layer forms the lining of the gut and most gut-derived organs

A

endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What structure gives rise to gonads?

A

yolk stalk or omphaloenteric duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What’s the purpose of the yolk sac (umbilical vesicle) during the first few weeks of development?

A

it provides nutrients for embryo before the placenta attaches to uterine wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What structure functions as the primordial gut?

A

umbilical vesicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the arterial supply to the foregut?

A

celiac trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the arterial supply to the midgut?

A

superior mesenteric artery (SMA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the arterial supply to the hindgut?

A

inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What constitutes as the foregut?

A

stomodeum to the first third of the duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What separates the stomodeum from foregut?

A

oropharyngeal membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What constitutes as the midgut?

A

last two-thirds of duodenum to the proximal two-third of the colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What constitutes as the hindgut?

A

last third of colon to protodeum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What gut division gives rise to the yolk stalk?

A

midgut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What gut division gives rise to allantois?

A

hindgut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What gut division gives rise to pharyngeal pouches?

A

foregut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Process of hollowing out primitive gut tube

A

recanalization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which forms first, stomodeum or protodeum?

A

protodeum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Double layer of peritoneum formed by splanchnic mesoderm which connects organs to the body wall

A

mesenteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the two types of peritoneum?

A

1) parietal

2) visceral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which peritoneum lines body cavity?

A

parietal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which peritoneum lines organs?

A

visceral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the two types of mesenteries?

A

1) ventral

2) dorsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the remnants of ventral mesentery (3)?

A

1) falciform ligament
2) coronary ligament
3) lesser omentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What type of configuration is this, organ suspended in the mesentery?
intraperitoneal
26
What type of configuration is this, organ have always been external to the peritoneum?
primarily retroperitoneal (always behind peritoneum)
27
What type of configuration is this, organs may have developed in the mesentery and due to rotation and mesenteric fusing during development they are ow behind the mesentery?
secondarily retroperitoneal
28
Give three examples of intraperitoneal organs
1) stomach 2) spleen 3) transverse colon
29
What mnemonic is used to remember retroperitoneal organs?
SAD PUCKER
30
The S in SAD PUCKER
suprarenal glands
31
The A is SAD PUCKER
aorta, vena cava
32
The D in SAD PUCKER
duodenum (last two-thirds) - secondary
33
The P in SAD PUCKER
pancreas - secondary
34
The U in SAD PUCKER
ureters
35
The C in SAD PUCKER
colon - secondary
36
The K in SAD PUCKER
kidneys - primary
37
The E in SAD PUCKER
esophagus - primary
38
The R in SAD PUCKER
rectum - primary
39
What four structures is the foregut composed of?
1) pharynx 2) esophagus 3) stomach 4) 1st third of duodenum
40
Outpocketings of the foregut gives rise to which structures (5)?
1) pharyngeal pouches 2) lower respiratory system 3) liver 4) pancreas 5) gallbladder
41
True or False. Both esophagus and trachea develops from one common tube
true
42
What is the difference between atresia and fistula of the esophagus and trachea?
Atresia is caused by blockage due to narrowing of closing leading to the esophagus becoming a dead end Fistula is the joining of both the esophagus and trachea. This condition is worst because food goes into the airway
43
True or False. Dorsal border of the stomach grows slower than the ventral border.
FALSE. Dorsal grows faster.
44
Which border, dorsal or ventral, gives rise to the greater curvature of the stomach?
dorsal
45
Which border, dorsal or ventral, gives rise to the lesser curvature of the stomach?
ventral
46
What kind of rotation does the stomach undergo during development?
90 degrees clockwise along the longitudinal axis
47
Which curvature moves to the right? Which to the left?
Lesser - R | Greater - L
48
True or False. R and L vagus nerves do not rotate with the stomach
FALSE. They rotate with the stomach as well, that's why R vagus is on the dorsal surface and L vagus is on the ventral surface of the stomach
49
_____ ends just distal to the common bile duct
foregut
50
Solid ventral outgrowths of the _____ form the ducts for the liver, pancreas and gall bladder
duodenum
51
Pancreas forms two buds, which is the shorter bud and which is the longer bud?
Ventral - shorter bud | Dorsal - longer bud
52
How does the pancreas become its adult shape?
As the rotation occur, the two buds slap on top of each other
53
How is the spleen form?
outpocketing of the mesoderm in the dorsal mesentery
54
What is this condition called? Ring of pancreas around gut tube, blockage of small intestine = deformities
annular pancreas
55
True or False. The spleen is derived from the same germline as the stomach and pancreas
FALSE. spleen - mesoderm stomach and pancreas - endoderm
56
What five structures is the midgut composed of?
1) small intestine (exclude 1st third of duodenum) 2) cecum 3) appendix 4) ascending colon 5) proximal two-thirds of transverse colon
57
What is the condition called when there's too much amniotic fluid?
polyhydraminos
58
What is allantois?
aminotic fluid (baby pee)
59
What type of rotation does the midgut undergo during development?
rotation of the intestines counter-clockwise around the SMA (supercoil)
60
As midgut grow in length, what is its axis and what is its apex?
axis - SMA | apex - yolk stalk
61
How does the midgut cause secondary retroperitoneal configuration?
rotations of the midgut press many organs against the posterior body wall, the peritoneum fuses to the dorsal body wall
62
What is volvulus and what are some causes?
twisting of the intestines around a focal point, can be with itself or other structures
63
What are the five structures that composes the hindgut?
1) distal third of transverse colon 2) descending colon 3) sigmoid colon 4) rectum 5) superior portion of anal canal
64
Outgrowth of the hindgut gives rise to which structures?
1) urinary bladder | 2) most of the urethra
65
What is the urorectal septum?
1) divides allantois and yolk stalk | 2) separates cloaca into urogenital membrane and anal membrane
66
What separates caudal hindgut from proctodeum?
anal membrane
67
What germ layer is derived from above the pectinate line?
endoderm
68
What germ layer is derived from below the pectinate line?
ectoderm
69
How do drainage and innervation differ in tissues above and below pectinate line?
above - drainage and innervation = hindgut | below - drainage and innervation = abdominal wall
70
Which condition is this, anus still has membrane over it?
non-perforate anus
71
Which condition is this, anal canal is not at the anal pit?
anoperineal fistula
72
Which condition is this, anal canal has fused with urethra?
rectourethral fistula
73
Which condition is this, anal canal has fused with vagina?
rectovaginal fistula

Anatomy Exam 4 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions