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Anatomy Exam 4 > Ab 1 - Embryology > Flashcards

Ab 1 - Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

This germ layer forms the integument and the nervous system, including the proctodeum and the stomodeum

A

ectoderm

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2
Q

This germ layer forms the muscles, muscular walls of the gut tube and most connective tissues, including bones, etc

A

mesoderm

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3
Q

This germ layer forms the lining of the gut and most gut-derived organs

A

endoderm

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4
Q

What structure gives rise to gonads?

A

yolk stalk or omphaloenteric duct

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5
Q

What’s the purpose of the yolk sac (umbilical vesicle) during the first few weeks of development?

A

it provides nutrients for embryo before the placenta attaches to uterine wall

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6
Q

What structure functions as the primordial gut?

A

umbilical vesicle

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7
Q

What is the arterial supply to the foregut?

A

celiac trunk

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8
Q

What is the arterial supply to the midgut?

A

superior mesenteric artery (SMA)

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9
Q

What is the arterial supply to the hindgut?

A

inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)

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10
Q

What constitutes as the foregut?

A

stomodeum to the first third of the duodenum

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11
Q

What separates the stomodeum from foregut?

A

oropharyngeal membrane

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12
Q

What constitutes as the midgut?

A

last two-thirds of duodenum to the proximal two-third of the colon

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13
Q

What constitutes as the hindgut?

A

last third of colon to protodeum

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14
Q

What gut division gives rise to the yolk stalk?

A

midgut

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15
Q

What gut division gives rise to allantois?

A

hindgut

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16
Q

What gut division gives rise to pharyngeal pouches?

A

foregut

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17
Q

Process of hollowing out primitive gut tube

A

recanalization

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18
Q

Which forms first, stomodeum or protodeum?

A

protodeum

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19
Q

Double layer of peritoneum formed by splanchnic mesoderm which connects organs to the body wall

A

mesenteries

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20
Q

What are the two types of peritoneum?

A

1) parietal

2) visceral

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21
Q

Which peritoneum lines body cavity?

A

parietal

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22
Q

Which peritoneum lines organs?

A

visceral

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23
Q

What are the two types of mesenteries?

A

1) ventral

2) dorsal

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24
Q

What are the remnants of ventral mesentery (3)?

A

1) falciform ligament
2) coronary ligament
3) lesser omentum

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25
Q

What type of configuration is this, organ suspended in the mesentery?

A

intraperitoneal

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26
Q

What type of configuration is this, organ have always been external to the peritoneum?

A

primarily retroperitoneal (always behind peritoneum)

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27
Q

What type of configuration is this, organs may have developed in the mesentery and due to rotation and mesenteric fusing during development they are ow behind the mesentery?

A

secondarily retroperitoneal

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28
Q

Give three examples of intraperitoneal organs

A

1) stomach
2) spleen
3) transverse colon

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29
Q

What mnemonic is used to remember retroperitoneal organs?

A

SAD PUCKER

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30
Q

The S in SAD PUCKER

A

suprarenal glands

31
Q

The A is SAD PUCKER

A

aorta, vena cava

32
Q

The D in SAD PUCKER

A

duodenum (last two-thirds) - secondary

33
Q

The P in SAD PUCKER

A

pancreas - secondary

34
Q

The U in SAD PUCKER

A

ureters

35
Q

The C in SAD PUCKER

A

colon - secondary

36
Q

The K in SAD PUCKER

A

kidneys - primary

37
Q

The E in SAD PUCKER

A

esophagus - primary

38
Q

The R in SAD PUCKER

A

rectum - primary

39
Q

What four structures is the foregut composed of?

A

1) pharynx
2) esophagus
3) stomach
4) 1st third of duodenum

40
Q

Outpocketings of the foregut gives rise to which structures (5)?

A

1) pharyngeal pouches
2) lower respiratory system
3) liver
4) pancreas
5) gallbladder

41
Q

True or False. Both esophagus and trachea develops from one common tube

A

true

42
Q

What is the difference between atresia and fistula of the esophagus and trachea?

A

Atresia is caused by blockage due to narrowing of closing leading to the esophagus becoming a dead end
Fistula is the joining of both the esophagus and trachea. This condition is worst because food goes into the airway

43
Q

True or False. Dorsal border of the stomach grows slower than the ventral border.

A

FALSE. Dorsal grows faster.

44
Q

Which border, dorsal or ventral, gives rise to the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

dorsal

45
Q

Which border, dorsal or ventral, gives rise to the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

ventral

46
Q

What kind of rotation does the stomach undergo during development?

A

90 degrees clockwise along the longitudinal axis

47
Q

Which curvature moves to the right? Which to the left?

A

Lesser - R

Greater - L

48
Q

True or False. R and L vagus nerves do not rotate with the stomach

A

FALSE. They rotate with the stomach as well, that’s why R vagus is on the dorsal surface and L vagus is on the ventral surface of the stomach

49
Q

_____ ends just distal to the common bile duct

A

foregut

50
Q

Solid ventral outgrowths of the _____ form the ducts for the liver, pancreas and gall bladder

A

duodenum

51
Q

Pancreas forms two buds, which is the shorter bud and which is the longer bud?

A

Ventral - shorter bud

Dorsal - longer bud

52
Q

How does the pancreas become its adult shape?

A

As the rotation occur, the two buds slap on top of each other

53
Q

How is the spleen form?

A

outpocketing of the mesoderm in the dorsal mesentery

54
Q

What is this condition called? Ring of pancreas around gut tube, blockage of small intestine = deformities

A

annular pancreas

55
Q

True or False. The spleen is derived from the same germline as the stomach and pancreas

A

FALSE.
spleen - mesoderm
stomach and pancreas - endoderm

56
Q

What five structures is the midgut composed of?

A

1) small intestine (exclude 1st third of duodenum)
2) cecum
3) appendix
4) ascending colon
5) proximal two-thirds of transverse colon

57
Q

What is the condition called when there’s too much amniotic fluid?

A

polyhydraminos

58
Q

What is allantois?

A

aminotic fluid (baby pee)

59
Q

What type of rotation does the midgut undergo during development?

A

rotation of the intestines counter-clockwise around the SMA (supercoil)

60
Q

As midgut grow in length, what is its axis and what is its apex?

A

axis - SMA

apex - yolk stalk

61
Q

How does the midgut cause secondary retroperitoneal configuration?

A

rotations of the midgut press many organs against the posterior body wall, the peritoneum fuses to the dorsal body wall

62
Q

What is volvulus and what are some causes?

A

twisting of the intestines around a focal point, can be with itself or other structures

63
Q

What are the five structures that composes the hindgut?

A

1) distal third of transverse colon
2) descending colon
3) sigmoid colon
4) rectum
5) superior portion of anal canal

64
Q

Outgrowth of the hindgut gives rise to which structures?

A

1) urinary bladder

2) most of the urethra

65
Q

What is the urorectal septum?

A

1) divides allantois and yolk stalk

2) separates cloaca into urogenital membrane and anal membrane

66
Q

What separates caudal hindgut from proctodeum?

A

anal membrane

67
Q

What germ layer is derived from above the pectinate line?

A

endoderm

68
Q

What germ layer is derived from below the pectinate line?

A

ectoderm

69
Q

How do drainage and innervation differ in tissues above and below pectinate line?

A

above - drainage and innervation = hindgut

below - drainage and innervation = abdominal wall

70
Q

Which condition is this, anus still has membrane over it?

A

non-perforate anus

71
Q

Which condition is this, anal canal is not at the anal pit?

A

anoperineal fistula

72
Q

Which condition is this, anal canal has fused with urethra?

A

rectourethral fistula

73
Q

Which condition is this, anal canal has fused with vagina?

A

rectovaginal fistula

Anatomy Exam 4 (9 decks)

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