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Anatomy Exam 4 > Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four quadrants that crosses through the umbilicus?

A

R. and L upper

R. and L. lower

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2
Q

What are the nine regions or sections?

A 
R. and L. Hypochondriac
R. and L. Lumbar
R. and L. Iliac
Epigastric
Umbilical
Hypogastric
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3
Q

Tight fusion of fascia layer where spermatic cord or round ligament rests

A

inguinal ligament

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4
Q

What are the four functions of the abdominal wall?

A

1) protect and stabilizes the abdominal contents
2) trunk rotation and flexion (helps maintain posture)
3) maintain and control intra-abdominal pressure for parturition and defecation
4) respiration

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5
Q

True or False. During respiration, the abdominal wall opposes diaphragm during inhalation.

A

FALSE. it’s during exhalation

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6
Q

Name the nine layers of the abdominal wall (superficial to deep)

A

1) skin
2) Camper’s fascia
3) Scarpa’s fascia
4) External oblique
5) Internal oblique
6) Transversus abdominus
7) Rectus abdominus
8) Transversalis fascia
9) Parietal peritoneum

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7
Q

adipose layer with cutaneous nerves and blood vessels

A

Camper’s fascia

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8
Q

layer of fascia that lines the internal abdominal wall and forms the deep inguinal ring

A

transversalis fascia

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9
Q

Origin: thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, and connective tissue deep to inguinal ligament
Insertion: inferior borders of ribs 10-12, linea alba and pubis via conjoin tendon

A

internal oblique

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10
Q

Origin: external surfaces of ribs 5-12
Insertion: linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior half of iliac crest

A

external oblique

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11
Q

Origin: internal surfaces of ribs 7-12 costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and connective tissue deep to inguinal ligament
Insertion: linea alba with aponeurosis of internal oblique, pubic crest and pectin pubis via conjoin tendon

A

transversus abdominus

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12
Q

Origin: public symphysis and pubic crest
Insertion: xiphoid process and costal cartilages 5-7

A

rectus abdominus

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13
Q

deep membranous fascia layer.
becomes Dartos’ fascia in scrotum
becomes Colles’ fascia in perineum

A

Scarpa’s fascia

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14
Q

What internal surface is the remnant of fetal umbilical vein?

A

ligamentum teres (round ligament)

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15
Q

What’s the function of fetal umbilical vein?

A

oxygen from placenta to fetus

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16
Q

What internal surface is the remnants of umbilical arteries

A

medial umbilical folds

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17
Q

What’s the function of umbilical arteries?

A

returns deoxygenated oxygen back to placenta

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18
Q

What internal surface is the urachus and paraumbilical veins?

A

median umbilical fold

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19
Q

What is the remnant of allantois?

A

urachus

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20
Q

What connects the liver to the body wall and is the last remnant of the ventral mesentery?

A

falciform ligament

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21
Q

What internal surface contain the inferior epigastric arteries and veins?

A

lateral umbilical folds

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22
Q

Horizontal line that demarcates the lower limit of the posterior layer of rectus sheath

A

arcuate line

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23
Q

What levels are the thoraco-abdominal nerves?

A

T7-T11

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24
Q

What level is the subcostal nerve?

A

T12

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25
Q

What level is the iliohypogastric nerve?

A

L1

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26
Q

What level is the ilioinguinal nerve?

A

L1

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27
Q

What innervates skin overlying iliac crest, upper inguinal and hypogastric regions; internal oblique and transversus abdominis?

A

Iliohypogastric nerve (L1)

28
Q

What innverates muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall and overlying skin superior to iliac crest and inferior to umbilicus?

A

Subcostal nerve (T12)

29
Q

What innervates skin of scrotum or labia majus and mons pubis, and adjacent medial aspect of thigh; most inferior internal oblique and transversus abdominus?

A

Ilioinguinal nerve (L1)

30
Q

What innervates muscles of anterolateral wall and overlying skin?

A

Thoraco-abdominal nerves (T7-T11)

31
Q

Somatic innervation is from the ____ rami of spinal nerves running from vertebral levels _________

A

1) ventral

2) T7-L2

32
Q

What does the internal thoracic artery bifurcate into?

A

1) musculophrenic a. (lateral)

2) superior epigastric (medial)

33
Q

What artery runs parallel to the inguinal ligament? (originates from external iliac artery)

A

deep circumflex iliac a.

34
Q

What artery runs in superficial fascia along inguinal ligament? (originates from femoral artery)

A

superficial circumflex iliac a.

35
Q

What artery runs in superficial fascia towards umbilicus? (originates from femoral artery)

A

superficial epigastric a

36
Q

What artery runs superiorly, enters rectus sheath, and runs deep to rectus abdominus? (originates from external iliac a)

A

inferior epigastric a

37
Q

What artery continue beyond ribs to descend in abdominal wall between internal oblique and transersus abdominus? (originates from aorta)

A

posterior intercostal a. (10th and 11th)

38
Q

What artery supplies the superficial abdominal wall of inguinal region and adjacent anterior thigh?

A

superficial circumflex iliac a.

39
Q

What artery supplies the subcutaneous tissue and skin over pubic and inferior umbilical region?

A

superficial epigastric a

40
Q

What artery supplies iliacus muscle and inferior part of th anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

deep circumflex iliac a

41
Q

What two arteries supply the lateral region of abdominal wall?

A

1) posterior intercostal a

2) subcostal a

42
Q

What artery supplies rectus abdominus and medial part of anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

inferior epigastric a

43
Q

What artery supplies rectus abdominus and superior part of anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

superior epigastric a

44
Q

What artery supplies abdominal wall of hypochondriac region, anterolateral, and diaphragm?

A

musculophrenic a

45
Q

Where should a surgical incision to the abdomen be if you need to get to the transverse colon?

A

median (linea alba)

46
Q

Where should a surgical incision to the abdomen be if you need to get to the appendix?

A

gridiron - through muscle layers at McBurney’s point

47
Q

Where should a surgical incision to the abdomen be if you need to get to the gallbladder?

A

subcostal

48
Q

Where should a surgical incision to the abdomen be if you need to get to the ovaries?

A

transverse

49
Q

Where should a surgical incision to the abdomen be if you need to perform a hysterectomy?

A

suprapubic

50
Q

What type of surgical incision should you perform if you want to retract the abdominal muscles to one side?

A

paramedian

51
Q

What’s the lymph drainage for above transumbilical plane?

A

axillary lymph node

52
Q

What’s the lymph drainage for below transumbilical plane?

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

53
Q

True or False. Extreme corset-wearing can compromise lung volume and breathing capacity.

A

True

54
Q

True or False. Extreme corset-wearing can cause liver splitting or damage.

A

False

55
Q

True or False. Extreme corset wearing can cause constipation or reduced appetite.

A

True

56
Q

Extreme corset wearing can weaken abdominal muscles, what consequences does this have in daily activities?

A

Without the corset a woman will not be able to stand up from a sitting position because the corset acted as the transversus abdominus and spinal muscles

57
Q

True or False. Extreme corset-wearing does not cause prolapse uterus.

A

TRUE, but it may aggravate the condition

58
Q

What is the importance of the arcuate line?

A

the posterior wall is weaker and more prone to hernias

59
Q

What is the the posterior wall composed of below the arcuate line?

A

transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum

60
Q

What is the anterior wall composed of above the arcuate line?

A

internal oblique fascia is split; anteriorly it fuses with external oblique aponeurosis

61
Q

What is the posterior wall composed of above the arcuate line?

A

internal oblique fascia is split; posteriorly it fuses with transversus abdominus

62
Q

What’s the function of the parietal peritoneum in the abdominal wall?

A

produces a serous fluid that lubricates the abdominal organs

63
Q

What innervates parietal peritoneum?

A

somatic body wall nerves

64
Q

True or False. Parietal peritoneum is usually not fused tightly with the transversalis fascia.

A

TRUE, it usually contain fat stores

65
Q

What are internal reflections?

A

remnants of embryologic structures

66
Q

What are the 5 internal reflections of the abdominal wall?

A

1) falciform ligament
2) ligamentum teres (round ligament)
3) median umbilical fold (1)
4) medial umbilical folds (2)
5) lateral umbilical folds (2)

Anatomy Exam 4 (9 decks)

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