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PE > Information Processing, Goal setting and skill and ability > Flashcards

Information Processing, Goal setting and skill and ability Flashcards

1
Q

Define ability.

A

Abilities are inherited and are often needed to learn skills.

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2
Q

Define skill.

A

All skills are learned. They take time to develop and refine correct techniques. They can be both physical and mental.

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3
Q

What is a basic skill?

A

A skill that does not require much concentration, experience or co-ordination.
Learnt quickly.

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4
Q

What is a complex skill?

A

A skill that requires lots of concentration, experience and co-ordination.
Takes time to master.

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5
Q

What is an open skill?

A

A skill that is performed in such a way to deal with the changing and unstable environment.

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6
Q

What is a closed skill?

A

A skill that is not affected by the environment and tends to be done the same way each time.
In a stable environment.

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7
Q

What is a self-paced skill?

A

The speed and pace of the skill is controlled entirely be the performer.

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8
Q

What is an externally paced skill?

A

The skill that is started by an external factor and the speed, rate and pace of the skill are all controlled by external factors.

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9
Q

What is a gross skill?

A

A skill that uses large muscle groups to perform powerful movements.
Tend not to rely on accuracy and precision.

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10
Q

What is a fine skill?

A

A skill that involves small and precise movement, showing high levels of accuracy and co-ordination.

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11
Q

What are performance goals?

A

Goals that target a specific area to improve.
DON’T compare yourself to other performers.
Personal standards to be achieved.

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12
Q

What are outcome goals?

A

Focuses on the end result of a performance.
Usually involves comparison with other competitors.
Performers standards are not important - it is the end result that matters.

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13
Q

What does SMART stand for?

A

Specific
Measurable
Accepted
Realistic
Time-bound

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14
Q

What is information processing?

A

Making decisions based on the information and factors that are around you.

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15
Q

What are the 4 stages of information processing?

A

Input.
Decision Making.
Output.
Feedback.

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16
Q

What does input involve?

A

Taking in information from the environment using senses.
The athlete picks out only the most relevant information.

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17
Q

What does decision making involve?

A

Input information is sent to the brain and the brain selects an appropriate response from their long term memory.

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18
Q

What does output involve?

A

The decision made by the athlete is sent to the muscles to carry out the action.

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19
Q

What does feedback involve?

A

The athlete receives information from themselves (intrinsic) and other (extrinsic) about the success of their actions.
The athlete can use this information later on to develop their skills.

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20
Q

What is the importance of goal setting?

A

Helps motivate performers and gives them a target to aspire to which helps them prepare both physically and mentally.

21
Q

Why is it better for beginners use performance goals?

A

Beginners are better concentrating on performance goals as failure and comparing themselves to others is demotivating. As a beginner being the best is unrealistic.

22
Q

How do elite performers use performance goals?

A

Elite performers use performance goals to help motivate themselves to work on individual aspects of their performance.

23
Q

Why do elite performers use outcome goals?

A

Elite performers are sometimes driven by outcome goals as they always have the desire to win.

24
Q

What acronym can we use when setting goals?

A

SMART

25
Q

Why is setting specific targets important?

A

More likely to improve, leading to motivation.

26
Q

Why is setting measurable targets important?

A

they can monitor progress and know their training is working which will motivate them to continue with it.

27
Q

What does it mean to set an accepted target?

A

Agreed by coach and performer.

28
Q

Why is setting a realistic target important?

A

so they know they can complete it and they have access to facilities/time - which motivates them to continue to train/work hard

29
Q

Why is setting a time-bound target important? (2 reasons)

A

Makes them motivated to work hard to achieve within time frame.
Keeps training interesting and challenging as won’t get bored with same target as set new target once completed.

30
Q

What does it mean to make a target time-bound?

A

Where there is a definite point when the target must be achieved

31
Q

What is visual guidance?

A

When a performer can see something e.g. demonstration or video.

32
Q

What is verbal guidance?

A

When a performer is spoken to by a coach or another player.

33
Q

What is manual guidance?

A

Performer is physically moved by another person/coach.

34
Q

What is mechanical guidance?

A

The use of mechanical aids to assist a performer e.g. swimming floats

35
Q

How is visual guidance used for elite performers?

A

To highlight minor errors in technique.
Video analysis which can slow movements down.

36
Q

Why is visual guidance not used with elite performers?

A

They should know what the skill needs to look like.

37
Q

What is short-term memory?

A

Information from the environment that is held in their brain for a short-time.
Information is lost if attention is diverted elsewhere.

38
Q

What are 4 types of feedback?

A

Positive
Negative
Intrinsic
Extrinsic

39
Q

What is intrinsic feedback?

A

How an action feels to the performer - elite athletes use this as they have developed the ability to feel if a skill is performed right or not.

40
Q

What is extrinsic feedback?

A

Feedback from an external source - beginners rely heavily on this as they struggle to understand their success of the skill.

41
Q

What is positive feedback?

A

Used to inform a performer about what was correct about their movement.

42
Q

Why is positive feedback important?

A

Essential to motivate and encourage.

43
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

Used to inform the performer about what was incorrect about their movement.

44
Q

Why is negative feedback important?

A

Helps performer to improve.

45
Q

What is knowledge of results?

A

Feedback about the outcome.
Informs the performer about how successful they were at achieving what they set out to do.

46
Q

What is knowledge of performance?

A

Feedback about the quality of performance.
Provides the performer feedback about how well they did irrespective of the result.

47
Q

What types of feedback do beginners need?

A

Positive, extrinsic and KoR.

48
Q

What type of feedback do elite performers need?

A

Negative, KoP, and can provide themselves with intrinsic feedback.

PE (11 decks)

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