Arousal, Agression, Personality, Motivation

Question 1

What is arousal?

Answer 1

A physical and mental state of alertness and readiness.

Question 2

What is the inverted U - thoery?

Answer 2

Visually shows how a performer can be under or over aroused or at an optimum level to reach the highest level of performance.

Question 3

What is deep breathing?

Answer 3

Performer exaggerates their breathing.

Question 4

What is mental rehearsal?

Answer 4

Thinking about doing a skill perfectly before performing it.

Question 5

What is visualisation?

Answer 5

Imagining themselves in a relaxing and calming environment.

Question 6

What is self-talk?

Answer 6

A mental/cognitive technique where the athlete talks to themselves in their heads.

Question 7

What is direct agression?

Answer 7

Aimed directly at other players or participants and involves physical contact.

Question 8

What is indirect agression?

Answer 8

Does not involve physical contact with players or participants but can involve contact with an object.

Question 9

What is an introvert?

Answer 9

Shy, quiet and thoughtful. Tends to play individual sports.

Question 10

What is an extrovert?

Answer 10

Talkative and outgoing. Tends to play team sports.

Question 11

What is visual guidance?

Answer 11

Guidance a performer can see.

Question 12

What are some advantages of visual guidance?

Answer 12

Good for beginners.
Vision is most people’s dominant sense.
Performers can easily copy what they see.

Question 13

What are some disadvantages of visual guidance?

Answer 13

Some skills are too complex to demonstrate.
Not effective if performers are not paying attention.

Question 14

What is verbal guidance?

Answer 14

Guidance a performer can hear.

Question 15

What are the advantages of verbal guidance?

Answer 15

Useful for high-level athletes.
Quick method of sharing instructions.
Good way for highlighting key teaching points.

Question 16

What is manual guidance?

Answer 16

Involves a coach moving a performer into the correct position or supporting them as they perform.

Question 17

What are some advantages of manual guidance?

Answer 17

Good for complete beginners.
Allows the performer to develop the correct feel.

Question 18

What are some disadvantages of manual guidance?

Answer 18

A movement can feel different when someone is moving your body.
The performer may not think they are actually performing the skill themselves.

Question 19

What is mechanical guidance?

Answer 19

Involves the use of objects to aid or assist the coaching process.

Question 20

What are some advantages of mechanical guidance?

Answer 20

Good for potentially dangerous skills.
Allows the performer to gain a feel for the movement without fear.
Good for building confidence.

Question 21

What are some disadvantages of mechanical guidance?

Answer 21

Expensive equipment.
Performer can become reliant on aid.

Question 22

What are some advantages of positive feedback?

Answer 22

Motivating for beginners.
Makes everyone fell they had positives about their performance.

Question 23

What are some disadvantages of positive feedback?

Answer 23

Suggests that the performer was better than they actually were.

Question 24

What are some advantages of negative feedback?

Answer 24

It helps performer to recognise and prioritise the skills they need to improve.
It allows the coach to highlight what skill should be done better.

Question 25

What are some disadvantages of negative feedback?

Answer 25

Demoralising for beginners.
Too many negative comments can lead the performer struggling to know how to respond.

Question 26

What is intrinsic motivation?

Answer 26

Drive that comes within the performer.

Question 27

What is extrinsic motivation?

Answer 27

Drive that comes from striving to achieve a reward.

Question 28

What type of technique is deep breathing?

Answer 28

Physical

Question 29

What type of technique is mental rehearsal and visualisation?

Answer 29

Cognitive

Question 30

What are an introverts sporting preferences?

Answer 30

individual sports
require concentration / precision (fine skills)
sports that require a lower level of arousal e.g. archery, pistol shooting.

Question 31

What are an extroverts sporting preferences?

Answer 31

team sports
sports that require little concentration
fast paced sports that use mainly gross skills
sports that require a higher level of arousal e.g. rugby player.

Question 32

Explain the inverted U-theory.

Answer 32

As arousal levels increase so does performance.
Up to the optimal level where performance is high.
If arousal continues to increase further, performance will decrease as the performer will become over aroused.

Question 33

What level of optimal arousal do fine skills require?

Answer 33

Low.

Question 34

What level of optimal arousal do gross skills require?

Answer 34

High

Question 35

What are 2 types of rewards for extrinsic motivation?

Answer 35

1. Tangible - trophies and certificates
2. Intangible - Praise or feedback from others

Question 36

What can the overuse of extrinsic motivation lead to?

Answer 36

Players falling out of love with the sport - forget why they play.

Question 37

Why is intrinsic motivation better?

Answer 37

Intrinsic motivation is more likely to lead to continued effort and participation.