Cardiorespiratory system

Question 1

what are the pathways of air

Answer 1

inhaled through nasal cavity - trachea - bronchi - bronchioles - alveoli - exhaled through mouth

Question 2

Explain gaseous exchange

Answer 2

oxygen in the alveoli that is at a higher concentration diffuses to the blood capillaries where the concentration is lower
carbon dioxide in the blood stream that is at a high concentration diffuses into the alveoli that has a lower concentration of carbon dioxide

Question 3

3 blood vessels and 3 features

Answer 3

arteries - away from heart to muscle, usually oxygenated, strong elasticated walls
veins - towards heart, valves, usually deoxygenated blood
capillaries - deep into muscles and organs to supply them with nutrients, thin walls for gaseous exchange

Question 4

4 heart blood vessels and oxygenated or deoxygenated?

Answer 4

Vena Cava - deoxygenated
Pulmonary artery - deoxygenated
Pulmonary vein - oxygenated
Aorta - oxygenated

Question 5

Equation for Cardiac output

Answer 5

stoke volume x heart rate = cardiac output

Question 6

What’s stroke volume?

Answer 6

Volume of blood pumped out of the heart with each beat

Question 7

Define heart rate.

Answer 7

Then number of times your heart beats every minute.

Question 8

4 features which assist in gaseous exchange.

Answer 8

1. Large Surface area
2. Thin membrane - short diffusion pathway
3. Layer of moisture
4. Rich blood supply

Question 9

What happens when you inhale?

Answer 9

Intercostal muscles contract, expanding the ribcage. Diaphragm contracts and flattens pulling downwards, therefore, pressure decreases and air is drawn into lungs.

Question 10

What happens when you exhale?

Answer 10

Intercostal muscles relax, allowing ribcage to drop inwards and downwards. Diaphragm relaxes and moves up, so there is an increase in pressure and air is forced out.

Question 11

Define Tidal Volume

Answer 11

breathing in and out during normal breath

Question 12

Define Expiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 12

the additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after normal tidal volume

Question 13

Define Inspiratory Reseve Volume

Answer 13

the additional air that can forcibly inhaled after tidal volume

Question 14

Define Residual Volume

Answer 14

the air that remains in the lungs after Expiratory Reserve Volume

Question 15

Define Haemoglobin

Answer 15

A protein found in the red blood cells that transports oxygen throughout the body

Question 16

Define Vasoconstriction

Answer 16

muscular walls constrict to stem the flow of blood through the artery, to inactive muscles and organs

Question 17

Define Vasoldilation

Answer 17

the muscular walls dilate to allow blood to flow more freely through the artery, to provide more nutrients for active areas

Question 18

What is the right side of the heart’s job?

Answer 18

To pump deoxygenated blood received by the Vena Cava to the lungs to pick up oxygen

Question 19

What is the left side of the heart’s job?

Answer 19

To pump oxygenated blood received by the pulmonary vein to the rest of the body

Question 20

What is systole?

Answer 20

contraction (emptying the heart)

Question 21

What is diastole?

Answer 21

Relaxation (filling the heart)