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Microbiology II > Influenza > Flashcards

Influenza Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are a major cause of death in the USA and worldwide?

A

Pneumonias, both viral and bacterial

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2
Q

What are a major cause of pneumonia?

A

Influenza viruses

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3
Q

How does influenza causes penumonia?

A

By direct viral pneumonia infection or by weakening immune system making it suceptipal to a secondary bacterial pneumonia

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4
Q

Influenca virus if from what family?

A

orthomyxovirus family

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5
Q

How is influenza virus packaged?

A

enveloped making it succeptable to drying

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6
Q

what type of genome does influenza have?

A

it has 8 segments of (-)ssRNA

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7
Q

What is signifigant about the 8 segments of its genome?

A

Easy to mix and match with other virus and mutate

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8
Q

Because influenza is (-)ssRNA, what must it bring with it?

A

Must bring a functional RNA dependent RNA polymerase into hots to replicate

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9
Q

What is the RNA dep, RNA poly used for? Two things.

A

To make mRNA for protein production and to replicate genome

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10
Q

How are each of the 8 segments of genome packaged?

A

each is in its own protein capsid.

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11
Q

What is N protein?

A

Neuraminidase, spike protein

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12
Q

What is H protein?

A

Hemagglutinin, spike protein

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13
Q

What does H protein do?

A

Allows viral attachment to host cell

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14
Q

What does N protein do?

A

Allow viral budding off from host cell

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15
Q

What is is antigenic shift?

A

Mix and match of different segments of genome of influenza

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16
Q

what is the danger of antigenic shift?

A

pandemic, a worldwide epidemic.

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17
Q

What is a pandemic?

A

worldwide epidemic with high morbidity and mortality

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18
Q

What is a point mutation?

A

simple mistake of a different aa at a critical site.

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19
Q

Why are point mutations importaint?

A

if they happen near spike protein region, it can affect antibody interaction.

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20
Q

How do antibodies neutralize virus?

A

by covering spikes with antibodys

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21
Q

What it is called when point mutation occurs that disallows ab binding but still allows infection?

A

antigenic drift, this is why we can get flu year after year

22
Q

What is an epidemic?

A

disease above the ususal endemic rate.

23
Q

What is an endemic?

A

normal rate of disease in area or country

24
Q

what mutation causes epidemics?

A

antigenic drift.

25
Q

Where does influenza RNA replicate?

A

Nucleus, that is strange, other RNA viruses will use the cytoplasm

26
Q

How often does a pandemic ususally occur?

A

every 25 to 40 years.

27
Q

avian influenza

A

H5N1

28
Q

How does antigenic shift happen to influenza A?

A

two or more strains infect same cell and swap segments.

29
Q

How does nuraminidase help viral release/budding?

A

by cleaving neuraminic acid on cell surface

30
Q

What does influenza virus do to RBCs?

A

they agglutinate RBCs, use this to find if body has antibodies to certain strain.

31
Q

what cells does influenza typically infect?

A

lung epithelial cells

32
Q

What is the bodys initial response to influenza infection?

A

Cytokines: IFN a and IFN b, innate immune responses.

33
Q

what are many deaths from influenza caused by?

A

seconday lung infection by bacteria because Tc cells kill lots of lung epithelial cells to get rid of virus., Staph and strep.

34
Q

How many H proteins are there?

A

16 Hs

35
Q

How many types of N spike proteins are there?

A

9 Ns

36
Q

how many types of influenza?

A

Type A that infects animals and humans, Type B that infects humans only and type C that is pretty mild.

37
Q

What type of influenza does vaccine ususally have?

A

Two versions of type and and one type B, trivalent.

38
Q

What type of vaccine is the mist?

A

cold adapted live, attenuated influenza virus vaccine.

39
Q

What are antivirals that are used only agains type A influenza?

A

Amatadine and rimatadine - work by blocking uncoating.

40
Q

What does tseltamivir and zanamivr (tamaflu and Relenza) do to flu virus?

A

inhib neuraminidase and viral release.

41
Q

what genome is more mutatable? RNA or DNA

A

RNA genome is more prone to mismatch because there isn’t a spell check mechanism like in DNA

42
Q

What is influenza?

A

Highly infectous viral illness

43
Q

How many died in pandemic of 1918-1919?

A

50-100 million.

44
Q

What determines a Type A influenza virus?

A

Its H and N spike proteins

45
Q

What does Type B influenza infect?

A

Humans only, ususally young and old, mild epidemics

46
Q

What does Type A invluenza infect?

A

Humans and animals, all ages, pandemics and epidemics, moderate to severs

47
Q

How is influenza spread?

A

Respiratory droplets, infectious for 5-10 days, and hands

48
Q

Signs and symptoms of inflenza?

A

feaver, myalgia, sore throat, UNPRODUCTIVE caugh

49
Q

Fatality rate of influenza?

A

.5 per 1000 cases, low per infection but lots get infected.

50
Q

what is the most dangerous vector for influenza?

A

ducks are carriers

51
Q

Temporal pattern of influenza infections?

A

peaks in winters: Vit D, Kids all snotty in school

52
Q

How effective is the vaccine?

A

60% of the people exposed to virus that would have gotten it wont get it. It only

Microbiology II (8 decks)

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