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Microbiology II > Hepatitus > Flashcards

Hepatitus Flashcards

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1
Q

What is hepatitus?

A

inflammation of the liver

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2
Q

are the hepatitus virus related to each other?

A

No, they just all cause liver damage, immunity from one doesn’t help you with the others

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3
Q

what Hep infections can lead to carrier status?

A

HBV and HCV or Hepatitus B and C

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4
Q

How much virus is in blood, hepatitus?

A

up to 10 to the eight power

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5
Q

what things can inflame the liver?

A

viruses, drugs, autoimmunity alcohol

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6
Q

What signs does liver damage show?

A

Increased plasma tranaminases (ALT) and increased bilirubin

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7
Q

What causes jaundice?

A

Increase in bilirubin, its very serious but is uncomon

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8
Q

What percent of liver damage cases show don’t show jaundice?

A

75 percent are anicteric, not jaundiced

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9
Q

what two Hepatitus viruses are non enveloped meaning more hardy?

A

HAV and HEV are both non enveloped and they are RNA viruses

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10
Q

What is the one DNA hepatitus virus?

A

HBV is enveloped and a DNA virus

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11
Q

What are the enveloped hepatitus viruses?

A

The three middle ones, HBV, HCV, HDV

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12
Q

what are the enveloped RNA viruses?

A

the last two of the middle three, HCV and HDV

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13
Q

how are the enveloped viruses transmitted?

A

body fluids, blood, seamen, saliva, milk, across mucus membranes

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14
Q

How are the non enveloped hepatitus viruses spread?

A

fecal oral route, they are more stable because they are non enveloped

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15
Q

where to hepatitus viruses replicate?

A

specifically in the hepatocytes

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16
Q

What hepatitus viruses only have acute infections and never chronic?

A

the two enveloped ones, HAV and HEV

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17
Q

What hepatitus infections can be limited by immunization?

A

Hep A and Hep B have vaccines, and Hep B vaccine works for Hep D.

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18
Q

what hepatitus has the most chronic deaths each year?

A

Hep C with 10 - 15,000, but there are 3,500,000 carriers

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19
Q

Where is HEV common?

A

some developing countries where pregnant women have a 20-25% fatality from it.

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20
Q

What is the name for the Hep A virus?

A

Hep A virus, RNA picornavirus, non enveloped

21
Q

Who mostly gets HEP A?

A

more than 95 % are childern under 6

22
Q

How is an HAV treated if immunosupressed or you can make your own antibodies?

A

pooled IgG

23
Q

What are the typical symptomes of HAV

A

Asymptomic mostly

24
Q

Why could they make a hep A vaccine?

A

only one serotype

25
Q

What is the type of HEP B vaccine

A

innactivated

26
Q

Why can they make a hep B vaccine

A

only one serotype

27
Q

How is hep B transmitted?

A

STI, parenteral, perinatal, needle stick,

28
Q

typical infection of HBV?

A

acute or 90 percent asymptomatic

29
Q

Type of virus is hep B?

A

DNA, enveloped, hepa-dna-viridae

30
Q

What percent of those who get HBV become chronic carriers?

A

10 percent become chronic carriers unless they already have HEP c and then its more like 60%

31
Q

Who has the highest risk of Hep B?

A

Health care personell, dialysis, military, promiscuous, iv drug

32
Q

How likley will it be for neonate to get infected with HBV?

A

90% become infected and then 90% of those become carriers, this is way higher than the 10% of exposed adults that become carriers

33
Q

What is the danger in becoming a HBV carrier?

A

increase chances of to problems, the sever chronic hepatitus can cause cirrhosis and liver tumors

34
Q

What % of those exposed to hep B have an acute fatal response?

A

about 1 % have an fast acute fatal disease

35
Q

what % of the 10% of chronic Hep B carriers are asymptomatic for life?

A

75 to 85 percent

36
Q

What causes the pathology of HBV?

A

cell mediated immunity and inflammation are the primary cause of pathology and elimiting the infection.

37
Q

three results of chronic HBV?

A

asymptomatic, mild chronic, severe chronic

38
Q

What is strange about HBV replication?

A

It?s a DNA virus so it shouldn’t need to bring its on Ploymerase, but it goes from DNA to RNA then back to DNA so it has to code for a RNA dependent DNA polymerase, and it replicates in the nucleus

39
Q

what percent dies from acute HBV infection

A

only one percent die from acute infection

40
Q

What are used diagnostically in the HBV infection?

A

HBcAg, HBeAg,HBsAg, and the antibodies and the liver enzymes

41
Q

What happens to those with severe chronic HBV?

A

5 - 10 percent become chronic carriers then up to 25 percent of those get either cirrhosis or liver tumors

42
Q

At what point does HBV infected become chronic?

A

if after 6 months the antibodies stay low.

43
Q

What is HDV concidered?

A

a defective virus, it can infect cell unless the cell already has Hep B

44
Q

To types of HDV infection

A

Co infection where you get both HEP B and D at the same time and Superinfection where you had HBV first and then were exposed to HDV later

45
Q

Normal result for a Co-infection for HBV and HDV?

A

More acute and more likely to be oversymptomatic and end up in hospital

46
Q

Normal result or a superinfection of HBV and HDV?

A

More chronic problems

47
Q

hoow many genes in HBV?

A

4 genes coding 5 proteins

48
Q

what becomes elevated during hepatitus infection

A

liver enzymes become elevated

Microbiology II (8 decks)

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