Hepatitus

Question 1

What is hepatitus?

Answer 1

inflammation of the liver

Question 2

are the hepatitus virus related to each other?

Answer 2

No, they just all cause liver damage, immunity from one doesn’t help you with the others

Question 3

what Hep infections can lead to carrier status?

Answer 3

HBV and HCV or Hepatitus B and C

Question 4

How much virus is in blood, hepatitus?

Answer 4

up to 10 to the eight power

Question 5

what things can inflame the liver?

Answer 5

viruses, drugs, autoimmunity alcohol

Question 6

What signs does liver damage show?

Answer 6

Increased plasma tranaminases (ALT) and increased bilirubin

Question 7

What causes jaundice?

Answer 7

Increase in bilirubin, its very serious but is uncomon

Question 8

What percent of liver damage cases show don’t show jaundice?

Answer 8

75 percent are anicteric, not jaundiced

Question 9

what two Hepatitus viruses are non enveloped meaning more hardy?

Answer 9

HAV and HEV are both non enveloped and they are RNA viruses

Question 10

What is the one DNA hepatitus virus?

Answer 10

HBV is enveloped and a DNA virus

Question 11

What are the enveloped hepatitus viruses?

Answer 11

The three middle ones, HBV, HCV, HDV

Question 12

what are the enveloped RNA viruses?

Answer 12

the last two of the middle three, HCV and HDV

Question 13

how are the enveloped viruses transmitted?

Answer 13

body fluids, blood, seamen, saliva, milk, across mucus membranes

Question 14

How are the non enveloped hepatitus viruses spread?

Answer 14

fecal oral route, they are more stable because they are non enveloped

Question 15

where to hepatitus viruses replicate?

Answer 15

specifically in the hepatocytes

Question 16

What hepatitus viruses only have acute infections and never chronic?

Answer 16

the two enveloped ones, HAV and HEV

Question 17

What hepatitus infections can be limited by immunization?

Answer 17

Hep A and Hep B have vaccines, and Hep B vaccine works for Hep D.

Question 18

what hepatitus has the most chronic deaths each year?

Answer 18

Hep C with 10 - 15,000, but there are 3,500,000 carriers

Question 19

Where is HEV common?

Answer 19

some developing countries where pregnant women have a 20-25% fatality from it.

Question 20

What is the name for the Hep A virus?

Answer 20

Hep A virus, RNA picornavirus, non enveloped

Question 21

Who mostly gets HEP A?

Answer 21

more than 95 % are childern under 6

Question 22

How is an HAV treated if immunosupressed or you can make your own antibodies?

Answer 22

pooled IgG

Question 23

What are the typical symptomes of HAV

Answer 23

Asymptomic mostly

Question 24

Why could they make a hep A vaccine?

Answer 24

only one serotype

Question 25

What is the type of HEP B vaccine

Answer 25

innactivated

Question 26

Why can they make a hep B vaccine

Answer 26

only one serotype

Question 27

How is hep B transmitted?

Answer 27

STI, parenteral, perinatal, needle stick,

Question 28

typical infection of HBV?

Answer 28

acute or 90 percent asymptomatic

Question 29

Type of virus is hep B?

Answer 29

DNA, enveloped, hepa-dna-viridae

Question 30

What percent of those who get HBV become chronic carriers?

Answer 30

10 percent become chronic carriers unless they already have HEP c and then its more like 60%

Question 31

Who has the highest risk of Hep B?

Answer 31

Health care personell, dialysis, military, promiscuous, iv drug

Question 32

How likley will it be for neonate to get infected with HBV?

Answer 32

90% become infected and then 90% of those become carriers, this is way higher than the 10% of exposed adults that become carriers

Question 33

What is the danger in becoming a HBV carrier?

Answer 33

increase chances of to problems, the sever chronic hepatitus can cause cirrhosis and liver tumors

Question 34

What % of those exposed to hep B have an acute fatal response?

Answer 34

about 1 % have an fast acute fatal disease

Question 35

what % of the 10% of chronic Hep B carriers are asymptomatic for life?

Answer 35

75 to 85 percent

Question 36

What causes the pathology of HBV?

Answer 36

cell mediated immunity and inflammation are the primary cause of pathology and elimiting the infection.

Question 37

three results of chronic HBV?

Answer 37

asymptomatic, mild chronic, severe chronic

Question 38

What is strange about HBV replication?

Answer 38

It?s a DNA virus so it shouldn't need to bring its on Ploymerase, but it goes from DNA to RNA then back to DNA so it has to code for a RNA dependent DNA polymerase, and it replicates in the nucleus

Question 39

what percent dies from acute HBV infection

Answer 39

only one percent die from acute infection

Question 40

What are used diagnostically in the HBV infection?

Answer 40

HBcAg, HBeAg,HBsAg, and the antibodies and the liver enzymes

Question 41

What happens to those with severe chronic HBV?

Answer 41

5 - 10 percent become chronic carriers then up to 25 percent of those get either cirrhosis or liver tumors

Question 42

At what point does HBV infected become chronic?

Answer 42

if after 6 months the antibodies stay low.

Question 43

What is HDV concidered?

Answer 43

a defective virus, it can infect cell unless the cell already has Hep B

Question 44

To types of HDV infection

Answer 44

Co infection where you get both HEP B and D at the same time and Superinfection where you had HBV first and then were exposed to HDV later

Question 45

Normal result for a Co-infection for HBV and HDV?

Answer 45

More acute and more likely to be oversymptomatic and end up in hospital

Question 46

Normal result or a superinfection of HBV and HDV?

Answer 46

More chronic problems

Question 47

hoow many genes in HBV?

Answer 47

4 genes coding 5 proteins

Question 48

what becomes elevated during hepatitus infection

Answer 48

liver enzymes become elevated