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Microbiology II > Herpes > Flashcards

Herpes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the characteristics of the herpes virus?

A

enveloped, dsDNA, latent tendency

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2
Q

What does HHV stand for?

A

Human herpes virus

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3
Q

How many know human herpes viruses?

A

eight

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4
Q

Where does herpes virus replicate?

A

in the nucleus, which you would expect from a DNA virus

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5
Q

How does herpes ususally spread?

A

mucosal mucosal contact

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6
Q

What herpes virus is not spread mucosal to mucosal but by respiratory droplets?

A

Varicella/Zoster, chicken pocs

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7
Q

Who does the normal herpes virus infect?

A

Normal childhood disease, symptoms get worse as an adult.

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8
Q

What is signifigant about the large dsDNA genome of herpes?

A

there are lots of targets for antivirals.

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9
Q

where does herpes remain while it is latent?

A

Neurons, Monocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages

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10
Q

Where is the initial herpes viral infection?

A

mucosal epithelium

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11
Q

What is unique about herpes viral assembly?

A

they are fully assembled, with envelope even before they reach membrane, they arent using host membrane

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12
Q

Herpes simplex virus 1/HHV-1 is what?

A

cold sore, oral ulcers, 67%

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13
Q

Herpes simplex virus 2/HHV-2

A

genital herpes, 25%

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14
Q

HHV-3 is what?

A

Varicella-Zoster virus that causes chickenpox and shingles 100%

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15
Q

Epstein-Barr virus, HHV-4 is latent where?

A

B-cells,

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16
Q

Epstein Barr virus causes what?

A

infectious mono and burkitt’s lymphoma, an oral cancer

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17
Q

Where are HHV 1, 2, and 3 latent?

A

neurons

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18
Q

HHV-5 is what?

A

cytomegalovirus

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19
Q

HHV-5 cytomegalovirus is latent where and causes what ?

A

Lympho and monocytes, its causes congenital infections,

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20
Q

When is HHV-5 cytomegalovirus dangerous to pregnant women?

A

When they contract it for the first time when pregnant, 50% of the population is infection.

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21
Q

What does HHV 6 and 7 cause?

A

Roseola infantum at about 6-7 months, with possible feaver

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22
Q

where does HHV 6 go lantent?

A

monocyte, macrophage, tcell

23
Q

HHV 8, Kaposi sarcoma virus causes what?

A

a rare cancer in the immunocompromized called kaposi sarcoma,

24
Q

Whhere is Kaposi sarcoma virus latent?

A

Lypmhocytes

25
Q

What is the primary herpes viral infection?

A

mucosal epithelim is infected which results in release of viral particles that spreat via the blood, viremia

26
Q

What cells respond to viremia of herpes?

A

Th, Tc, and b cells and NK cells.

27
Q

What is the secondary herpes infection?

A

the one that begins when latent virus becomes reactivated, this infection remains local due to memory cells

28
Q

What causes the herpes pathology, ie coldsore?

A

direct viral damage and Tc cells killing or damaging cells.

29
Q

What is the most common cause of viral encephalitis in the USA?

A

HSV-1

30
Q

What is the leading infectious cause of blindness in the USA?

A

HSV-1 keratitis., cause for corneal transplantation.

31
Q

Where is HSV-1 and cheicnpocks latent?

A

the neuron in dorsal root ganglion

32
Q

What can increase risk of acquiring HIV during intercourse?

A

HSV-2 increases the risk 2-4 times

33
Q

What percent of HSV-1 initial infections in first 5 years of life are asymptomatic?

A

85 percent don’t get the lip lesion

34
Q

How long does herpes lip leasion last, how long is it transmissable?

A

Lesion last two weeks but its transmissable for 3 weeks or so

35
Q

can HSV-1 and 2 effect fetus?

A

Yes, if primary infection is in a pregnant woman, it can effect fetus and an active genital infection during birth could transmit to baby.

36
Q

What is the primary and secondary infection of Varicella Zoster ?

A

Primary, chickenpox, secondary shingles

37
Q

What is the childhood chicknepox mortality?

A

One out of onehundredthousand

38
Q

What is the adult mortality for chickenpox?

A

one out of five-thousand

39
Q

When is chicken pox most dangerous?

A

for immunosuppresses, HIV, pregnant, transplant leukemia etc.

40
Q

Where is varicella common in adults?

A

tropical places

41
Q

What are some complications from shingles?

A

eye damage and nerualgia

42
Q

how is epstein barr virus spread?

A

saliva

43
Q

pathology of mono?

A

feaver, sore throat, swollen spleen and lymphnodes and fatigue

44
Q

what % of general population shows evidence of being infected with mono?

A

ninty-five percent

45
Q

When are EBV more likely to be associated with cancers?

A

in immunosupressed or those with malaria.

46
Q

HLTV-1 a retrovirus is linked to what?

A

T-cell leukemia

47
Q

where is mono or EBV aquired from?

A

healthy carriers

48
Q

Where do people end up with burkitts lymphoma from EVB?

A

subsahara africa probably because malnurished, supressed immune system and have other viral diseases. Cancer of B cells

49
Q

what percent of EBV exposed individuals actually get mono?

A

only thirty to fifty percent of exposed young adults get infectious mono

50
Q

Cytomegalovirs what are the symptoms?

A

it has no known sysmptoms or pathologies, except to fetus in mother exposed to virus for the first time while pregnant.

51
Q

What normall protects fetus in a woman carrier of cytomegalovirus?

A

if she had got the virus prior to pregnancy, antibodies would neutralize virus so it cant infect fetus

52
Q

what is the most comon cause of intrauterine infectines and congenital abnormalities in the USA?

A

Human cytomegalovirus, CMV

53
Q

What herpes viruses have been linked o cancer?

A

Epstein Barr virus, Kaposi sarcoma virus, Hep B and Hep C, and HPV

54
Q

Who is cytomegalovirus a danger too?

A

unborn fetus of never before infected mother and to the immunosupressed

Microbiology II (8 decks)

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