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Microbiology > Influenza > Flashcards

Influenza Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the FOUR types of influenza virus?

A
  1. Influenza A - many strains, some infect humans
  2. Influenza B
  3. Influenza C - mild human infections - non pandemic
  4. Influenza D - infect cattle
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2
Q

What is the main reservoir of influenza viruses?

A

Wild birds

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3
Q

What THREE virus types can infect humans?

A

A, B and C

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4
Q

Is the influenza virus:

A) Naked

OR

B) Enveloped?

A

RNA Enveloped

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5
Q

What is the size of an influenza virus?

A

80 - 200nm

(0.08 - 0.12microns)

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6
Q

What are the surface antigens on an influenza virus?

A

H (haemaglutinin)

N (neuraminidase)

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7
Q

What viral family does influenza virus belong to?

A

Orthomyxoviridae

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8
Q

What classification of virus is influenza?

A

ssRNA(-)

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9
Q

How many genomic units make up the Influenza A virus?

A

8

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10
Q

Which surface protein allows the influenza virus to bind to the host cell and is recognised by the immune system?

A

H (Haemaglutinin)

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11
Q

How many H types are there?

A

16

H1 - H16

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12
Q

What surface enzyme allows the virus to exit from the host cell?

A

N (Neuraminidase)

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13
Q

How many N types are there?

A

9

N1 - N9

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14
Q

Which receptor on the host cell does the H surface protein on the influenza virus bind to?

A

alpha-2-3 sialic acid

or

alpha-2-6 sialic acid

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15
Q

What causes ANTIGENIC DRIFT?

A

Small mutations on the surface proteins that make antibodies less able to bind to the virus

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16
Q

What causes ANTIGENIC SHIFT?

A

Major changes to surface proteins on virus that enables it to completely bypass the immune system.

e.g. switching from H1 to H2

17
Q

What TWO influenza strains make up seasonal flu?

A
  1. H1N1
  2. H3N2
18
Q

What THREE influenza strains are transmissible human to human?

A
  1. H1N1
  2. H2N2
  3. H3N2
19
Q

What THREE influenza strains are non-transmissible human to human?

A
  1. H5N1
  2. H9N2
  3. H7N7

Microbiology (21 decks)

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