Viruses

Question 1

What are the stages of viral replication?

Answer 1

1. Attachment (Adsorbtion)
2. Penetration (Injection)
3. Synthesis of nucleic acid and protein
4. Assembly and packaging
5. Release (lysis)

Question 2

What type of virus classification are retroviruses?

Answer 2

ssRNA(+)

• Make DNA in order to make mRNA

Question 3

How do ssRNA(+) viruses go through replication and translation?

Answer 3

• Virus injects + strand RNA into cell
• • strand RNA translated to make proteins
• RNA molecule transcribed to make more + strand RNA

Question 4

How do ssRNA(-) viruses go through replication and translation?

Answer 4

• -ve strand RNA injected into cell
• RNA(-) then used to make RNA(+)
• RNA(+) used to make proteins (translation)

Question 5

What are the features of INNATE IMMUNITY?

Answer 5

1. Rapid
2. Halts infection
3. No memory

Question 6

What are the features of ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY?

Answer 6

1. Slower
2. Clears infection
3. Has memory

Question 7

What TWO toll like receptors recognise RNA?

Answer 7

• TLR7 - ssRNA
• TLR3 - dsRNA

Question 8

What THREE people got the Nobel Prize in 2011 for their work on toll like receptors and the innate immune response?

Answer 8

1. Bruce Beutler
2. Jules Hoffmann
3. Ralph Steinman

Question 9

What classification is SARS-CoV-2?

Answer 9

ssRNA(+)

Question 10

What is Reverse Transcriptase (RT)?

Answer 10

A virally encoded polymerase that makes a complementary DNA molecule (cDNA) from an RNA template

Question 11

What THREE people won the Nobel Prize in 1975 for their work on Reverse Transcriptase?

Answer 11

1. David Baltimore
2. Renato Dulbecco
3. Howard Temin

Question 12

What retrovirus causes AIDS?

Answer 12

HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus