Inflammation (Eicosanoid Synthesis) Flashcards
What peptide is released in response to tissue damage
Bradykinin
what enzyme is turned on in response to Bradykinin
Phospholipase A2
what reaction is caused by the Phospholipase A2 enzyme
release of Arachidonic acid from cell membrane
Arachidonic acid is the precursor to ____
inflammatory Eicosanoids
name 3 Prostanoids
Prostaglandins (PG), Prostacyclins (PI), Thromboxanes (TX)
what rxn is catalyzed by the COX enzyme
Arachidonic acid –> Prostaglandin G2
(PGG2)
this COX enzyme is Constitutive,
what is it’s location?
COX 1
gastric mucosa, endothelial cells, platelets, kidney
what does Constitutive mean
always being made
this COX enzyme is Inducible
what is it’s location?
COX 2
macrophages (+ monocytes)
what does Inducible mean
made when needed
what is the location of the enzyme that converts PGH2 –> PGE2
Endothelial cells + macrophages
3 functions of PGE2
(PGE2 = Prostaglandin E2)
Pain (stimulate nociceptors), Swelling (vasodilator), Rebound vasoconstriction (SmM contraction)
what is the location of the enzyme that converts PGH2 –> PGI2
(PGH2 = Prostaglandin H2)
BV walls
another name for PGI2
Prostacyclin
function of PGI2
inhibit platelet aggregation / blood clotting
location of enzyme that converts PGH2 –> TXA2
Platelets + gastric mucosa
another name for TXA2
Thromboxines
2 functions of TXA2
Vasoconstriction + Platelet aggregation (clotting)
location of the LOX pathway
WBCs + Platelets
(CT of respiratory tract?)
what rxns are catalyzed by the LOX enzyme
Arachidonic acid –> LTA4
name of LTA4; what is it also known as?
Leukotriene A4; aka slow reacting substance of Anaphylaxis
what intermediate in the LOX pathway causes Asthma (bronchial constriction)
5OXO ETE
what do Lipoxins decrease/increase
what’s the overall function?
decreases: Neutrophil migration, fibrosis, angiogenesis
increases: Monocyte + macrophage activation
(overall function = immune support)
action of steroid drugs on the COX pathway
inhibits PLA2
decreases COX enzyme (PGHS2) trancription
(PLA2 = Phospholipase A2)
action of Aspirin on the COX pathway? what does this mean in terms of dosage?
non-competetive inhibition of COX-1 enzyme; same dosage for everyone (1 baby aspirin)
action of NSAIDs like Ibuprofen + Naproxen on the COX pathway
competetive inhibition of COX 1 enzyme
what type of drugs are Vioxx + Celebrex?
COX 2 enzyme inhibitors
action of steroid inhalers on the LOX pathway
block Phospholipase A2 and inhibit transcription of LOX enzyme
what natural supplement inhibits PLA2?
(Phospholipase A2)
fish oils
what herb modulates the COX + LOX pathways?
Boswellia
(also: tumeric, ginger, rosemary, garlic)
name 4 dietary changes that may reduce arachidonic acid in the diet
decreasing dairy/beef fat;
eliminating peanut oil, corn oil, + skin of chicken
