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Biochem Of Nutrition - Final > B Oxidation of Fats > Flashcards

B Oxidation of Fats Flashcards

1
Q

In what organs does B-oxidation of fats occur?

A

Liver + Muscle

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2
Q

pathway of B-oxidation of fats

A

Acyl CoA -(Acyl CoA dehydrogenase + FAD)-> Enoyl CoA -(Enoyl CoA hydratase + H2O)-> Hydroxyacyl CoA -(Hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase + NAD)-> B-Ketoacyl-CoA -(Thiolase + CoA)-> Fatty Acyl CoA + Acetyl CoA –> Ketogenesis = Ketones; OR Kreb’s 12ATP

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3
Q

Where does B-oxidation of fats occur within the cell?

A

mitochondrial matrix

(for majority of FAs)

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4
Q

An FA made of 2-4 Carbons is termed

A

Short chain

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5
Q

An FA made of 6-14 Carbons is termed

A

Medium chain

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6
Q

An FA made of 16-20 Carbons is termed

A

Long chain

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7
Q

what FA do we make when we make TAGs for storage?

A

Long chain

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8
Q

An FA made of 22 or more Carbons is termed

A

Very Long chain

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9
Q

Which FAs are located in the Mitochondria?

A

Short, Medium, and Long chain FAs

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10
Q

Which FAs are located in the Peroxisomes?

A

Very Long chain FAs

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11
Q

How are Short chain FAs transported?

A

Simple diffusion

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12
Q

How are Medium chain FAs transported?

A

Diffusion

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13
Q

How are Long chain FAs transported?

A

Carnitine cycle

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14
Q

How are Very Long chain FAs transported?

A

unknown

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15
Q

name the 16 Carbon FA

A

Palmitate

Palmitic acid

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16
Q

name the 18 Carbon FA

A

Stearate

Steric acid

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17
Q

name the 20 Carbon FA

A

Arachidate

Arachidic acid

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18
Q

B-oxidation of fats in the Liver is also known as ____

A

Ketogenesis

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19
Q

what enzyme releases FAs from adipose tissue?

A

Hormone-sensitive Lipase

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20
Q

what 2 hormones allosterically activate Hormone-sensitive Lipase?

A

Glucagon + Epinephrine

21
Q

Hormone-sensitive lipase converts TAGs to ____

A

3FAs + Glycerol

22
Q

where does the glycerol from TAGs go

A

back to Liver

23
Q

what is the function of Albumin?

A

transport FAs back to Liver/Muscle

24
Q

What hormone is required for normal rate of B-oxidation?

A

T3

25
Q

Where is T3 produced?

A

Thyroid (T4 + T3)
Liver (T4 converted to T3)

26
Q

What is the coenzyme for T3?

A

Bile

27
Q

What enzyme converts FA –> fatty acyl CoA

A

Thiokinase

28
Q

where is the enzyme Thiokinase located?

A

outer mitochondrial membrane

29
Q

What is the location + purpose of CPT1?

A

in the outer mitochondrial membrane, CPT1 puts Fatty Acyl CoA in carnitine

30
Q

what is the biochemical composition of Carnitine

A

Trimethyl-lysine (needs B6)

(made from Lysine + SAMe)

31
Q

how is Carnitine recycled, and where is the enzyme located?

A

CPT2 + Acyl Carnitine Translocase, in the inner mitochondrial membrane

32
Q

How many ATPs are generated from B-Oxidation of Palmitic Acid?

A

131 ATP

33
Q

How many ATPs are generated from B-Oxidation of Stearic Acid?

A

148 ATP

34
Q

How many ATPs are generated from B-Oxidation of Arachidic Acid?

A

165 ATP

35
Q

(Ketogenesis) Name the 3 ketone bodies

A

Acetoacetate (4C), B-Hydroxybutyrate (4C), Acetone (3C)

36
Q

(Ketogenesis) which ketone body is found in blood/urine?

A

B-hydroxybutyrate

37
Q

(Ketogenesis) what tissues can use ketone bodies for energy?

A

Heart, Skeletal muscle, + Brain only during starvation

38
Q

Metabolism of ketone bodies requires what Kreb’s cycle intermediate?

A

Succinyl-CoA

39
Q

What AAs enter the Kreb’s cycle as Succinyl-CoA?

A

Valine, Isoleucine, Methionine

40
Q

Name the 4 coenzymes of the B-oxidation of Fats pathway? (1st –> 4th step)

A

FAD, H2O, NAD+, CoA

41
Q

what is the enzyme in the 1st step of B-oxidation

A

acyl CoA dehydrogenase

42
Q

what is the enzyme in the 2nd step of B-oxidation

A

enoyl CoA hydratase

43
Q

what is the enzyme in the 3rd step of B-oxidation

A

hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase

44
Q

what is the enzyme in the 4th step of B-oxidation

A

thiolase

45
Q

Which enzyme adds H2O to the molecule during B-Oxidation of FAs?

A

Enoyl CoA hydratase

46
Q

The carnitine shuttle requires the enzyme CPT-1 located in the ____ and ____ is the biochemical composition of carnitine.

A

outer mitochondrial membrane; trimethyl lysine

47
Q

FAs are stored as ____ in adipose tissue

A

Triacylglycerols (TAGs)

48
Q

What is the energy from B-oxidation of fats used for?

A

glycogenesis

Biochem Of Nutrition - Final (7 decks)

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