FA synthesis + storage Flashcards
what is the main organ of FA synthesis?
Liver
(Breast also create fats to produce milk)
What must be eaten w/ fats in order to store fats?
Carbs
what is the cellular location of FA synthesis
Cytoplasm
what is needed to move Acetyl CoA from mitochondria to cytoplasm
- malate citrate antiporter
- malate shuttle
- malic enzyme
describe the malate citrate antiporter and it’s enzyme
Citrate –(ATP-citrate lyase)–> OAA + acetyl CoA
describe the malate shuttle and it’s coenzyme
moves Acetyl-CoA from Mitochondria –> Cytoplasm
coenzyme NADP+
describe the function of the malic enzyme and it’s coenzyme.
Where does the product of this rxn go?
Malate –(malic enzyme)–> Pyruvate (enters the mitochondria);
coenzyme NADPH;
Enters the mitochondria
Stage 1 FA synthesis + it’s enzyme
7Acetyl CoA + 7TP + 7CO2 –(Acetyl CoA carboxylase)–> Malonyl CoA
what coenzymes are needed for stage 1 of FA synthesis
ATP + Biotin
what upregulates the enzyme Acetyl CoA carboxylase
Insulin, Citrate, high-carb low-fat diet
what down regulates the enzyme Acetyl CoA carboxylase
Palmitoyl CoA, Glucagon, E, high-fat low-carb diet
What food is highest in free FAs (don’t have TAGs), and turns on both stage 1 + 2 of FA synthesis?
Avocados
Stage 2 FA synthesis + its enzyme
8 Acetyl CoA (1 Acteyl CoA + 7 malonyl CoA) + 14 NADPH –(fatty acid synthase)–> Palmitate
describe the enzyme Fatty acid synthase
identical dimer w/ 7enzymes arranged head –> tail
what is the end product of Stage 2 of FA synthesis
Palmitate
FA elongation + synthesis of other FAs
what coenzyme converts Palmitate –> Stearate?
(Multi-enzyme complex) FA elongase
FA elongation + synthesis of other FAs
what molecule is added?
Malonyl CoA
FA elongation + synthesis of other FAs
What coenzymes are needed?
NADPH
FA elongation + synthesis of other FAs
How are short chain FAs created?
Reverse B-Oxidation
FA elongation + synthesis of other FAs
where are Very Long chain FAs synthesized
Brain
FA elongation + synthesis of other FAs
what molecule is added for Very Long chain FA synthesis?
Stearate
FA elongation + synthesis of other FAs
what are Very Long chain FAs used for?
Synthesis of Sphingolipids during myelination
what must be present to store FAs
glucose
what are FAs stored as
TAGs
FA storage
how are TAGs synthesized in the Liver
include enzyme
Glycerol (or DHAP) –(glycerol kinase)–> glycerol-3-phosphate
FA storage
how are TAGs synthesized in Adipose tissue
include enzyme
DHAP –(Isomerase)–> glycerol-3-phosphate
how is glycerol-3-phosphate turned into TAGs
added to 3FAs
what 3 factors regulate total body fat?
size + # of adipocytes, genetics, leptin
Where is Leptin made and what is it’s target?
white adipose tissue; Hypothalamus
name 3 environmental factors that increase food intake and lead to increased body fat
- eating a wide variety of foods (buffet)
- eating w/ more ppl
- availability of energy-dense foods (dessert buffet)
What tissue has the highest level of de novo FA synthesis?
Liver
FA synthase is activated by a ____ carb and ____ fat diet
high; low
In the overall rxn of FA synthesis the FA ____ is produced w/ ____ CO2s
Palmitate; 7
what do high levels of free FAs shut off
FA synthase
