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Anatomical pathology > Inflammation-61 Slides > Flashcards

Inflammation-61 Slides Flashcards

1
Q

What is inflammation?

A

Initial response of tissue from injurious agent
Reaction of vascularized living tissue to injury

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2
Q

Inflammation is protective response to?

A

Removal of injurious agent
Removal of consequences of cell injury
Preparation of cell healing and repair

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3
Q

What she the mediators of defense during inflammation?

A
  1. Complementary proteins
  2. Phagocytosis leukocytes
  3. Antibodies
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4
Q

What are the sequence of events in inflammation reaction?

A
  1. Recognize
  2. Recruitment
  3. Removal
  4. Regulation
  5. Resolution
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5
Q

Describe each type of inflammation?

A

1.Acute- rapid onset+ short duration
Characterized by : exudation(fluid+ plasma protiens) edema and accumulation of leukocytes= neutrophils

  1. Chronic- longer duration, can have an acute or chronic start
    Characterized by: lymphocytes & macrophage, destruction, proliferation of blood vessels & fibrosis
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6
Q

Stimulus for acute inflammation?

A
  1. Trauma: physical and chemical agents, burns,irradiation
  2. Infections: microorganisms, toxin
  3. Foreign bodies: dirt and sutures
  4. Tissue necrosis: molecules released from necrotic cells
  5. immune/hypersensitivity: body attacking its self or excessive reaction to something
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7
Q

What are the two main components of acute inflammation?

A
  1. Vascular changes
  2. Cellular changes
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8
Q

What are the three main activities or components occurring in vascular changes?

A
  1. Vaporization
  2. Increased vascular permeability
  3. Immigration of leukocytes
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9
Q

What are the main activities or components occurring in cellular changes?

A

1.Adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial at inflammation site
2. Transmigration of leukocytes through vessel wall toward the offending cells
3. Elimination of the offending cells

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10
Q

What are the four stages of leukocytes migration?

A
  1. Margination- movement of leukocytes toward the vessel wall
  2. Rolling
  3. Adhesion
  4. Emigration- leukocytes leaving the vessel wall to the tissue site
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11
Q

What is the collateral damage cause by leukocytes?

A

They cause injury to normal cells and tissue

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12
Q

When do we see collateral damage?

A
  1. Prolonged inflammation in infections difficult to treat eg= TB
  2. Inflammation directed at host tissue eg= autoimmune
  3. Hyper-reaction towards a harmless stimulus eg= allergies
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13
Q

What causes defects in leukocytes function?

A

1.Genetic disorder- abnormal in their receptors
2. Bone marrow suppression
3. Metabolic diseases- DM

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14
Q

What is the result of leukocytes suppression ?

A

Increased susceptibility to infections

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15
Q

What are inflammation mediators?

A

Chemicals that initiate and regulate the process of inflammation

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16
Q

Where are the inflammation mediators derived from?

A
  1. Cells
  2. Plasma
  3. Synthesized in the liver but are inactive and are activated by proteolysis( process of breaking down protein to amino acids)
17
Q

What are the effects of histamine?

A
  1. Acute inflammation mediators
  2. Source from - Mast cells, basophils, platelets
  3. Dilation of arterioles and increases permeability of venules
18
Q

Mast cell degradation occurs due to?

A
  1. Allergic reaction- IgE bind to receptors
  2. Physical agent - trauma, heat, cold
  3. Complementary activation
19
Q

What produced prostaglandin, which is also an acute inflammation mediators?

A
  1. Leukocytes
  2. Endothelial cells
  3. Platelets
20
Q

How are Prostaglandin released?

A
21
Q

What are the clinical signs of acute inflammation?

A
  1. Rubor(redness)- due to dilation of small blood vessels
  2. Calor(heat)- due to increased blood flow
  3. Dolor(pain)- from edema and mass of inflammation
  4. Loss of functions - due to pain and swelling
22
Q

Define exudate and transudate?

A

1.Exudate- extravascular fluid high in protein, cellular debris, and high in specific gravity

  1. Transudate- extravascular fluid with low protein, no cellular and low specific gravity
23
Q

Define pus?

A

Inflammatory exudate richin leukocytes (neutrophils), cellular debris and sometimes microbes.

24
Q

Special morphological patterns of inflammation?

A
  1. Fibrinous inflammation
  2. Ulceration
  3. Purulent inflammation
  4. Serous inflammation
25
Q

Define Ulcer?

A

Inflammation where epithelial surface has become necrotic and eroded

Anatomical pathology (9 decks)

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