HAEMODYNAMIC DISORDERS Flashcards
1
Q
Introduction?
A
- 60% of body weight is water
- 2/3 is ICF and 1/3 is ECF
- 5% plasma in blood
- Excess fluid in the interstitial space is drained by lymphatic vessels
2
Q
Name two forces that control movement of fluid between intravascula4 and extravascular?
A
- Vascular Hydrostatic pressure
- Plasma colloid osmotic pressure
3
Q
Define edema
A
- Increased interstitial fluid load
- Due to Increased vascular permeability
4
Q
Edema can be caused by?
A
- Inflammation (exudate)
- Non-inflammation (transudate)
5
Q
Non inflammatory causes include?
A
- Increased Hydrostatic pressure
- Decreased osmotic pressure
- Sodium retention
- Lymphatic obstruction
6
Q
What lead to sodium retention?
A
- Kidney and Heart failure with activation of Rennin angiotensin aldostrerone
7
Q
What lead to increased Hydrostatic pressure?
A
- Impaired venous return due to HF or obstruction of Veins
8
Q
What leads to decreased Osmotic pressure?
A
- Not enough protein
- malnutrition
-losing protein in GIT or kidney diseases
9
Q
What leads to lymphatic obstruction?
A
- Tumors, infection, physical or radiation damage
10
Q
Define Anasarca?
A
Severe and generalized edema with widespread subcutaneous tissue swelling due to kidney disease (nephrotic syndrome)
11
Q
Discuss pathogenesis of Anasarca?
A
Slide 10
12
Q
Describe Anasarca?
A
- Swollen face
- Periorbital edema
13
Q
Describe subcutaneous edema?
A
- Pitting due to displaced interstitial fluid with increased pressure
- Diffuse, focal- Hydrostatic pressure is increased in legs and sacrum
14
Q
Describe Pulmonary edema
A
Slide 13
15
Q
Describe brain edema?
A
- Can be localized or generalized
- Narrow sulci
- Decrease cerebral blood flow
- Can cause hernia through the medulla oblongate
