Inflammation Flashcards
Define the Inflammatory Process
Immune system’s response to harmful stimuli by neutralizing and removing injurious stimuli and initiating the healing process
Inflammation may be ____ ___ infection
Inflammation does not ____ infection
Caused by
equal
What are the 3 initial steps of clot formation?
Vessel Constriction
Primary hemostasis
Fibrin clot conversion
What 2 things does vasodilation do?
What are the effects?
Slows blood flow
Brings more cells
Warmth
Redness
What does increased capillary permeability do?
What are the effects?
Brings in helpers (albumin drags WBCs and fluids)
-phagocytosis
Edema
Pain
Loss of Function
What is the primary cellular response?
Phagocytes:
-Neutrophils- first to arrive
-Monocytes- second
-become macrophages in tissues
What is the secondary cellular response?
Lymphocytes
What are the 3 pro-inflammatory cytokines?
TNF-alpha
Interleukin 1, 6
CELL MEMBRANE RESPONSE:
Injury causes the ______ in the cell membrane to be converted into…
Arachidonic Acid is converted into
-Prostaglandins
-Thromboxane
-Leukotrienes
Prostaglandin functions:
When does it cause vasodilation?
What contracts?
What is stimulated?
What is decreased?
What is recruited?
What is promoted?
What is sensitized?
Constriction/dilation of vessels
-Inflammation: dilation
-Smooth muscle contraction–bronchoconstriction
-GI mucus production stimulated
-Stomach acid production decreased
-Allergic rxn cells recruited
-Fever promoted
-Pain sensitization
What 2 things does thromboxane cause?
Vasoconstriction
Clotting
What 2 things do leukotrienes cause?
What is a risk?
Airway narrowing
RISK: bronchoconstriction
Increased capillary permeability
What is the major inflammatory mediator?
Where does it come from?
What 2 things does it cause?
Histamine
Released from degranulated mast cells
Vasodilation
Increased capillary permeability
What 3 things do Kinins cause?
Pain sensitization
Increased cap. permeability
Leukocyte recruitment
Explain complement
Increased inflammatory response and cell death
Vasodilation, increased cap. permeability
Chemotaxis- phagocytosis
Cell lysis
What causes the hypothalamus to raise the temperature set point?
Prostaglandins and shivering
What are some systemic manifestations of inflammation?
Fever
Malaise
Nausea/anorexia
“Left Shift” of neutrophils
Increase pulse/resp. rate
What are 2 labs indicative of inflammation?
Elevated C-reactive protein
Elevated ESR (Erthrocyte Sedimentation Rate)
