infertility, contraception, and abortion Flashcards
family planning
the conscious decision about when to conceive or to avoid pregnancy throughout the productive years
contraception
the intentional prevention of pregnancy during sexual intercourse
birth control
the device and /or practice used to decrease the risk for conceiving or bearing offspring
the ideal contraceptive
be safe, effective, easily available, economoical, acceptable, simple to use, and promptly reversible
coitus interruptus (withdrawal)
the male partner withdrawing his penis from the women’s vagina before ejaculation
fertility awareness methods (FAMs)
identifying the beginning and end of the fertile period of the menstrual cycle
3 phases
a. infertile phase: before ovulation
b. fertile phase: about 5-7 days around the middle of the cycle, including several days before and during ovulation and the day after ovulation
c. infterile phase: after ovulation
Natural family planning (NFP)
periodic abstinence
provides contraception by using methods that rely on avoiding intercourse during fertile days
only acceptable to the Roman Catholic Church
fertility awareness used are menstrual bleeding, cervical mucus, and BBT
ovulation predictor kits helpful with those who choose NFP
what is the time limit human ovum can be fertilized
no later than 16-24 hours after ovulation
calendar rhythm method
based on the number of days in each cycle (first day of menstrual vaginal bleeding)
accurate recording the lengths of menstrual cycles for 6 months
shortest cycle - 18 days
longest cycle - 11 days
if women regular 28 days-11 days =17 days
abstain from days 10-17 because ovulation occurs on day 14+/- 2 days
standard days method (SDM)
modified form of the calendar rhythm method that has a “fixed” number of days of fertility for each cycle
avoid days 8-19 (Cycle beads necklace)
useful to women whose cycle are 26 to 32 days long, it is unreliable for those who have longer or shorter cycles.
Basak Body Temperature Method
BBT is the lowest body temperature of a healthy person, taken immediately after waking and before getting out of bed.
varies from 36.2 (97.16) - 36.3 (97.34) during menses and fro approximately 5-7 days aferwards
after ovulation a slight drop in temp may occur in some women (temp is 97.7 and 98.6)
temp remain elevated 2-4 days before menstruation
thermal shift
the decrease and subsequent increase in temp
what affect BBT
infection
fatigue
less than 3 hours of sleep
awakening late
anxiety
cause temp flux and alter expected pattern
done the night before must be noted:
jet lag
alcohol consumption
or sleeping on a heated waterbed
not a reliable method of predicting ovulation
cervicle mucus ovulation detection method
billings method
creighton model ovulation method
women recognize her own unique pattern of changes at the time of ovulation
mucus changes before and during ovulation to facilitate and promote the viability and motility of sperm
mucus changes due to douches and vaginal deodorant
sexual arousal state thins mucus
taking medication such as antihistamine dries the mucus
intercourse is considered safe without restriction beginning the fourth day after the last day of we, clear, slippery mucus, which would indicated that ovulation has occurred 2-3 days previously
women find this unaccepatable touching their genitals
spinnbarkeit
watery, thin, clear mucus become more abundant and thicker before ovulation
feels like lubricant and can be stretched approximately 5 cm between the thumb and forefinger
period of maximum fertility
symptothermal method
combines BBT and cervical mucus methods with awareness of secondary phase-related symptoms of the menstrual cycle
mittelschmerz
cramplike pain before ovulation
secondary symptoms symptothermal method
increased labido
midcycle spotting
mittelschermz
pelvic fullness or tenderness
vulvar fullness
Twoday Method of Family Planning
simpler ro teach, learn, and use than other natural methods
- did I note secretion today?
- DId I note secretion yesterday?
if yes to both then she should avoid coitus or use a backup methods of birth control
if no to both, her probability of getting pregnant is low.
urine predictor test for ovulation
detects the sudden surge of LH that occurs approximately 12-24 hours before ovulation
not affect by illness, emotions, or physical activity,
noted by color change that is easy to interpret
marquette model
a NFP methods developed throught he Marquette Univeristy College of Nursing Institute for NFP
a handheld device that use test strips to measure urinary metabolites of estrogen and LH
provides “low”, “high”, or “peak” fertility readings.
lactational amenorrhea method (LAM)
temporary method of birth control
more popular in underdeveloped countries and traditional societies in which breastfeeding is used to prolong birth intervals
effectiveness is enhanced by frequent feeding at intervals of less than 4 hours during day and no more than 6 during the night, long duration of each feeding and no bottle supplementation
prolactin
released during infant feeding
inhibits estrogen production and suppresses ovulation and the return of menses
barrier method
protection against the spread of STI such as HPV and HSV
some male condoms and female vaginal method provide a physical barrier to several STIs and some male condom provide protection against HIV.
Spermicides
chemical barriers against semen and inhibit the ability of sperm to fertilize the ovum
nonoxynol-9 (N-9) reduce mobility of the sperm.
attacks sperm flagella and body, thereby preventing the sperm from reaching the cervial os
using more than 2xday or lube during intercourse increase the transmission of HIV and can cause lesions
without Rxm comes in aerosol foam, tablets, suppositories, creams, films, and gels
1 hour before intercourse
toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
occurs in association with the use of contraceptive diaphragm and cervicle caps
signs of TSS
Sunburn type of rash
diarrhea
dizziness
faintness
weakness
sorethroat
aching muscles and joints
sudden high fever
vomiting
