Infertility Flashcards
How do you characterise causes of female infertility?
- Physiological ageing: Most common cause
- Hypothalamic-pituitary: anovulatory
- Thyroid
- Ovarian
- Anatomical
- Interference with intercourse
- Undetermined
What are the hypothalamic-pituitary causes of female infertility?
Hypothalamic
- Stress
- Overweight
- underweight/high physical activity
- Kallman’s syndrome
- Kidney disease
Pituitary
- Prolactinoma
- Other lesions
- Sarcoid, amyloid
- Apoplexy
What are the thyroid causes of female infertility?
Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism
What are the ovarian causes of female infertility?
PCOS Iatrogenic - radiation, medication Turner's Fragile X Autoimmune Idiopathic
What are the anatomical causes of female infertility?
Congenital - Mullerian anomalies - Disorders of sexual differentiation Acquired - PID - Endometriosis - Hysterectomy - Ashimann's syndrome - Large fibroids
How do you characterise the male causes of infertility?
Azoospermia - Obstructive - Non-obstructive Oligospermia Motility Morphology Anti-sperm antibodies Sexual dysfunction
What are the obstructive causes of azoospermia?
- Severe varicocele
- Vasectomy
- Mucous plug
- Stricture secondary to infection or instrumentation
- Chemoradiation
What is Kallman’s syndrome?
It is a genetic syndrome characterised by hypogonadism and infertility, and anosmia, due the failure of migration of gonadotrophin releasing cells to the hypothalamus. Occurs in males and females
What is Turner’s syndrome?
A genetic syndrome characterised by altered physical appearance, infertility, diabetes, heart defects, thyroid dysfunction. Due to 45, X karyotype
What is fragile X syndrome?
A genetic syndrome characterised by intellectual disability, infertility, characteristic physical features (long face, large ears, large testes), and social anxiety
