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Nursing 201 > Infertility > Flashcards

Infertility Flashcards

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0
Q

At what age is infertility considered after 6 months?

A

35 years old

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1
Q

No conception after 1 year of unprotected intercourse

A

Infertility

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2
Q

This factor completely prevents reproduction for one partner

A

Sterility

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3
Q

This factor is when both partners have reduced fertility

A

Subfertility

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4
Q

This is when a couple have never been able to conceive a child

A

Primary infertility

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5
Q

This is when a couple has been able to conceive but cannot get pregnant again

A

Secondary infertility

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6
Q

What is the optimal age to become pregnant?

A

20-25 years old

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7
Q

Overweight, age, smoking and drinking alcohol, stress , and chemicals can decrease fertility in what sex?

A

Both male and female

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8
Q

Failure for ovaries to produce eggs or inconsistent ovulation

A

Anovulation

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9
Q

Anovulation consists of what percentage of infertility?

A

25%

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10
Q

What hormone influences impair ovulation?

A

Hypothalamus and pituitary

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11
Q

What structure is responsible for infertility when the egg cannot get through or the sperm cannot get to the eggs?

A

Fallopian tubes

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12
Q

Fallopian tubes are usually damaged by what?

A

Scar tissue

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13
Q

Inflammation of the tubes?

A

Salpingitis

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14
Q

What is the most common cause of tubal pregnancies?

A

PID

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15
Q

Uterine tissue outside of the uterus

A

Endometriosis

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16
Q

Growths on the uterine wall that causes a risk in spontaneous abortion

A

Uterine fibroids

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17
Q

This causes changes to occur prior to the eggs so it can move the egg; receptors for sperm. It’s is usually alkaline, acellular, elastic, and profuse

A

Receptive cervical mucus

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18
Q

What is the hormone responsible for mucus to become receptor?

A

Estrogen

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19
Q

Cervical surgeries (cryotherapy, cautery, and cone biopsy) decrease cervical mucus called a dry cervix which decreases what?

A

Sperm survival

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20
Q

If there sis hormonal balance it can cause the mucus to be non receptive because why?

A

Estrogen is needed to move sperm

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21
Q

A cervical infection can change the mucus pH and make it alkaline or acidic, which can kill the sperm

A

Acidic

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22
Q

What are the two treatments to increase cervical mucus?

A

Estrogen therapy

Robitussin ( thins mucus)

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23
Q

What are the 4 things that affect female fertility?

A

Anovulation
Tubal structure
Uterine fibroids
Cervical mucus

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24
Q

What are the 3 things that affect make fertility?

A

Spermatogenesis disorders
Structural factors
Intercourse disorders

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25
Q

The process of forming mature sperm

A

Spermatogenesis

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26
Q

A decrease in LH, FSH, and testosterone production is a Spermatogenesis disorder that is due to what?

A

Endocrine disorder involving the male pituitary

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27
Q

These substances such as alcohol, chemotherapeutics, heroin, and medications as well as illness and infections affect sperm and motility are called what?

A

Gonadotoxins

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28
Q

Inflammation of the testicle

A

Orchitis

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29
Q

Prostate produces coating for sperm but is inflamed is called what?

A

Prostatitis

30
Q

What is another infection that can affect sperm motility and reproduction?

A

STIs

31
Q

Mumps, hear exposure, biking, pelvic radiation, testi inflammation with puberty are all systemic illness that do what?

A

Alter sperm

32
Q

The effect of normal sperm pathway due to structural changes affects sperm amount and quality

A

Structural factors

33
Q

A vasectomy, inguinal hernia, congenital absence of vas deference, hyposadias, and varicocele can affect what?

A

Normal sperm pathway

34
Q

Inferior urinary meatus is called?

A

Hypospadias

35
Q

Inadequate valves that lead to congestion of blood and alters sperm quality

A

Varicocele

36
Q

Inability to achieve or maintain an erection?

A

ED (erectile dysfunction)

37
Q

Sperm enters the bladder instead of exiting the penis (seen in DM, and multiple sclerosis patients)

A

Retrograde ejaculation

38
Q

Male or females systems can produce sperm antibodies which decreases sperm motility. Males can be triggered by surgery/trauma or female vaginal flora and females system is stimulated by male semen.

A

Immunologic infertility

39
Q

Who is referred to the urologist?

A

Male

40
Q

Who is referred to the reproductive endocrinologist?

A

Male and female

41
Q

Who is referred to the gynecologist?

A

Female

42
Q

This procedure is non invasive. It is collected 2-3 days after abstinence and is brought in within an hour or on site after ejaculation.

A

Semen analysis

43
Q

The semen analysis looks at what?

A

Quality
Quantity
Motility

44
Q

This procedure is not expensive and determines normal ovulation occurring which measures temperature each day to detect a rise. It is done at the same time each morning.

A

BBT (basal body temperature)

45
Q

What has occurred a day prior to the elevation of a temperature in the BBT?

A

Ovulation

46
Q

This urine test detects and LH surge. It is provided OTC and tells the optimal time for intercourse.

A

LH surge detection test

47
Q

This tests the receptive mucus to determine if it is thin, watery, elastic, and stretches.

A

Cervical mucus evaluation

48
Q

Mucus is looked under a microscope to indicate estrogen is present. If it is, ferning of the mucus will be present.

A

Ferning capacity

49
Q

Radiopaque dye is instilled in the uterus and evaluates patency of tubes and is done after menses. It caused moderate discomfort so ibuprofen is given prior to procedure.

A

Hysterosalpingography

50
Q

During this procedure a scope is placed in the uterus to visualize structures and for polyps and fibroids. This is done in the office with no anesthesia.

A

Hysteroscopy

51
Q

This is a procedure that visualizes pelvic organs. It is done in the OR and the abdomen is distended to see structures. It evaluates endometriosis, PID, adhesions, tumors, and cysts.

A

Diagnostic laparoscopy

52
Q

This is a biopsy of the uterus at the end of the menstrual cycle and evaluates the endometrium.

A

Endometrial biopsy

53
Q

What is pain associated with ovulation?

A

Mittleschmerz

54
Q

Artificial lubricants decrease fertility by how much?

A

50%

55
Q

What can we teach the patient about position after sex?

A

Superior position
Remain in bed after sex
Have sex 2-3 times a week every other day

56
Q

What treatment can we give if antibodies are present?

A

Corticosteroids

Condoms until ovulation

57
Q

The removal of uterine fibroids is called what?

A

Myomectomy

58
Q

What is the 1st line of therapy medication for infertility? It induces ovulation in 70% of women.

A

Clomid

59
Q

It is administered for 5 days, on cycle days 3-7 (which jumps starts follicular growth), stimulates hypothalamus to secrete GnRH, and is given concurrent with estrogen therapy.

A

Clomid.

60
Q

Why is estrogen given with Clomid?

A

It has antiestrogen properties.

61
Q

What are some side effects of Clomid?

A 
Ovarian cysts 
Hot flashes
HA
Breast discomfort 
Blurred vision
62
Q

Treatment therapy medication given for polycystic ovarian disease is what?

A

Oral hypoglycemics

63
Q

Repronex, menopur, and Bravelle are given to directly stimulate follicular development are called what?

A

Gonadotropins

64
Q

This medication improves the luteal phase defects

A

Progesterone

65
Q

This therapy involves ejaculated sperm separated from semen and placed at the cervical os or in the uterus by a catheter

A

Therapeutic insemination

66
Q

A homologous sperm sample comes from who’s sperm?

A

Spouse

67
Q

A heterologous sperm sample comes from who’s sperm?

A

Donor

68
Q

How long does donor sperm have to be frozen for due to HIV and disease.

A

6 months

69
Q

The therapy includes the women’s egg collected, fertilized in the lab, and placed in the uterus

A

In Vitro fertilization or embryo transfer

70
Q

This therapy includes eggs that are retrieved and replaced directly in Fallopian tube with sperm. It’s 25% successful

A

GIFT - gamete intra Fallopian tube transfer

71
Q

This therapy is when the embryo transferred earlier in cell division are placed in the Fallopian tubes. Less invasive and more successful.

A

ZIFT - zygote intrafallopian transfer and TET tubal embryo transfer

72
Q

Someone who provides embryo carried pregnancy and gives up rights to the child.

A

Surrogate

73
Q

Couples sperm and egg implanted into another woman’s uterus. Done by IVF donor sperm and donor eggs.

A

Gestational surrogate

Nursing 201 (21 decks)

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