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Nursing 201 > Abnormal and Interrupted Fetal Development > Flashcards

Abnormal and Interrupted Fetal Development Flashcards

0
Q

A Fallopian tube pregnancy is considered a what pregnancy?

A

Non viable

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1
Q

Implantation of a fetus other than the endometrium such as Fallopian tubes, fundus, and endometrium

A

Ectopic pregnancy

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2
Q

The incidence of an ectopic pregnancy increases due to what two main things?

A

Scarring

Assisted reproduction

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3
Q

Endometriosis (1st), previous ectopic (10%), progesterone (slows motility of the egg), assisted reproduction,tubal abnormality, adhesions from surgery, PID, and sterilization (but sperm reaches it) are all what?

A

Risk factors of ectopic pregnancy

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of ectopic pregnancy?

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Breast tenderness
Missed period

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5
Q

Prior to rupture what symptoms might be present to an ectopic pregnancy?

A

Pelvic pain
Back pain
Scant bleeding

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6
Q

Signs of acute severe pain, referred shoulder pain (blood irritates phrenic nerve), and signs of shock (decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate, pale, and dizziness might indicate what?

A

Ruptured ectopic pregnancy

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7
Q

What are the two treatments for an ectopic pregnancy?

A

Laparoscopy (remove fertilized ovum)

Methotrexate (destroys pregnancy)

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8
Q

What is the clear definitive diagnostic study for an ectopic pregnancy?

A

Ultrasound that shows empty uterus but Hcg levels still increasing.

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9
Q

A pathological proliferation of trophoblastic cells (placenta)

A

GTD (gestational trophoblastic disease)

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10
Q

What are the two diseases associated with GTD?

A

Hydatiform Mole

Choriocarcinoma

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11
Q

What is a tell tale sign of hydatiform mole or molar pregnancy? This is a non viable pregnancy.

A

Uterus grows abnormally fast

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12
Q

These vesicles pull fluid from maternal vesicles

A

Hydropic vesicles

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13
Q

What is the cause?

A

Unknown

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14
Q

Under 15 or over 45, previous molar, Asian or Latin American, 1/1000 pregnancies are all what?

A

Risk factors for a molar pregnancy

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15
Q

What are the two types of molar pregnancy?

A

Complete

Partial

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16
Q

This type has only paternal chromosomes (46). The sperm fertilizes an empty egg and divides. No embryo or fetal tissue. No chromosomes.

A

Complete

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17
Q

This type has a normal ovum but is fertilized by two sperm or abnormal sperm and contains 69 chromosomes. There is fetal tissue because of the maternal chromosomes but this tissue is malformed.

A

Partial

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18
Q

What 5 findings are indicative of a molar pregnancy?

A

Vaginal bleeding that is brown/prune juice and always happens)
Anemia (because of bleeding)
Enlarged uterus
No FHT (fetal heart tone)
Early PIH (pregnancy induced hypertension)

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19
Q

How is a molar pregnancy diagnosed?

A

Hcg severely elevated
Severe N/V (hyperemesis gravidarum)
Ultrasound

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20
Q

Treatment for a molar pregnancy?

A

Remove

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21
Q

What can a molar pregnancy lead to?

A

Choriocarcinoma

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22
Q

Cancer arose in placenta during pregnancy?

A

Choriocarcinoma

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23
Q

What is the percentage of this happening after a molar pregnancy?

A

20%

24
Q

What medication is very effective for choriocarcinoma?

A

Methotrexate

25
Q

What percentage is the cure if it is in the uterus?

A

100%

26
Q

Methotrexate is used for choriocarcinoma until what is negative?

A

Hcg (trophoblastic cells are gone)

27
Q

Any interrupted development of the fetus is considered what?

A

A threatened or imminent abortion

28
Q

Termination of pregnancy before viability is called?

A

Abortion

29
Q

Medical termination of a pregnancy is called a what?

A

Induced abortion

30
Q

A woman’s request to end a pregnancy is called what?

A

Elective abortion

31
Q

An end to a pregnancy that results from a maternal medical condition or fetal anomalies is called what?

A

Therapeutic abortion

32
Q

A pregnancy ending in miscarriage is called what?

A

Spontaneous abortion

33
Q

What is the percentage for spontaneous abortions?

A

80%

34
Q

Maternal illness and and weak cervix usually cause a spontaneous abortion at how many weeks?

A

12-20 weeks

35
Q

Fetal genetic abnormalities account for what percentage of cases?

A

50%

36
Q

Days of unexplained bleeding or cramping, the cervix remains closed, nothing is expelled, and it carries a risk for expulsion.

A

Threatened abortion

37
Q

How to we treat a threatened abortion?

A

Limit activity
Avoid stress, fatigue, and sex
Be honest to the mom

38
Q

A termination in progress associated with bleeding or cramping, and cervix dilates. This is when the placenta is separating.

A

Imminent abortion

39
Q

How do we treat an imminent abortion?

A

Monitor
Ultrasound
D/C

40
Q

Partial retained pregnancy which can contain the fetus but may be the placenta. It presents as bleeding with fragments.

A

Incomplete abortion

41
Q

How do we treat an incomplete abortion to expel contents?

A

D/C
Pitocin
Methergine

42
Q

A pregnancy that ends with products expelled completely and presents as menses delayed but produce a heavy flow.

A

Complete abortion

43
Q

A pregnancy where fetus does in utero but is not expelled and cervix remains closed. Fetal autolysis - tissue breakdown.

A

Missed abortion

44
Q

How do we treat a missed abortion?

A

Remove fetus and tissue

45
Q

Consecutive abortions

A

Recurrent pregnancy loss

46
Q

Consecutive abortions are caused by 3 different things

A

Anatomical (weak cervix/incompetent cervix)
Hormonal (40% of the time)
Genetic

47
Q

Sewing of the uterus or cervix

A

Cerclage

48
Q

Presence of infection from an dead fetus. Due to rupture of membranes that leave an open tract for germs. Treated by antibiotics and removal of fetus.

A

Septic abortion

49
Q

Ovum development stops in the first trimester. Presents as an absence of properly developed and recognizable fetal parts and no fetal heart.

A

Blighted ovum

50
Q

An elective abortion can be obtained when?

A

Up to 12 weeks

51
Q

The state regulates elective abortions when?

A

12-20 weeks

52
Q

When is an elective abortion prohibited?

A

Over 20 weeks (unless to save the moms life)

53
Q

Two types of elective abortion?

A

Medical

Surgical

54
Q

What are the three types of medications given for elective abortion?

A

RU 486 (mifepristone) with misoprostol
Methotrexate
Misopristol (cytotec)

55
Q

When can a medical abortion be obtained?

A

Up to 7 weeks and works 96% of the time

56
Q

The cervix is anesthetized with local anesthesia, the cervical os is dilated, a suction cannula is presented, and mechanical scraping of the uterus. It’s safer and preferred method.

A

Surgical abortion

57
Q

What procedure is performed for an elective abortion greater than 12 weeks and less than 20 weeks.

A

D/E

Nursing 201 (21 decks)

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