Infectious Diseases to Gastrointestinal Tract Flashcards
What is the digestive system sometimes referred to?
alimentary or gastrointestinal tract
What is the major route of microbial invasion?
digestive system
What is the main purpose of the digestive system and how is it divided?
provide nutrients to body; divided into upper and lower tracts
What are all intestinal surfaces coated with?
mucus: IgA can be found on most surfaces
What does saliva contain that helps against infectious diseases?
lysozyme and lactoferrin
Why does normal flora not exist in the stomach? What is stomach fluid and bile considered?
because of its extreme acidity. Considered antimicrobials
GALT meaning
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue
Lactoferrin
bacteriocide/ fungicide: high levels of colostrum
What does GALT include?
Tonsils and adenoids in the oral cavity
small areas of lymphoid tissue in the esophagus
Peyer’s patches in the small intestine
What is the most common species that colonizes oral cavity?
streptococcal species
What limits the number of bacteria on mucus membranes in the normal flora of the mouth?
Host limits the #.
Membrane cells are constantly shedding
Why can large numbers of bacteria collect on teeth? what can they form? what is this called
Teeth are non-shedding surface
large numbers of bacteria can collect and for biofilm, masses of bacteria termed dental plaque
What are the predominant organisms of the normal flora in the small intestine?
facultative gram negative bacilli, and some streptococci
Approximately how many bacteria per gram are found in the large intestine normal flora?
10^11 bacteria per gram
What is the high population of bacteria in the large intestine due to?
nutrients in feces
What species predominate the normal flora of the large intestine?
escherichia coli and other enterobacterium
What is the most common cause of UTI’s in women and why?
fecal matter; bad wiping, important source of opportunisitc infections
What is the most common infectious disease of human beings?
dental caries
What % of US population over 65 have lost all their teeth?
47%
What can be said about the symptoms of dental caries?
What are three?
Carie is usually advanced before symptoms arise
throbbing pain, discoloration of teeth, breaking when chewing
What is the most common causative agent for dental caries?
streptococcus mutans (gram positive)
What conditions do streptococcus mutans thrive in?
acidic conditions