infectious diseases (simplified) Flashcards

1
Q

Sepsis is what two things?

A

SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome)

and suspected or proven infection

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2
Q

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome comprises of what symptoms?

A

fever or hypothermia

tachycardia

tachypnoea

leucocytosis

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3
Q

sepsis can result in multi organ failure:

A

resp failure

renal failure

neurologic failure

haematological failure

liver failure

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4
Q

what is ARDS?

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome

inflammatory response of the lung

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5
Q

what is septic shock?

A

cardiovascular failure

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6
Q

what bacteria are responsible for neonatal sepsis?

A

group B strep

E.coli

Listeria monocytogenes

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7
Q

what bacteria are responsible for sepsis in children?

A

strep pneumoniae

meningiococcal

Group A strep

Staph Aureus

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8
Q

symptoms of paediatric sepsis

A

colour: pallor, pale
activity: unresponsive
respiratory: tachypnoea

circulation/hydration: tachycardia, prolonged capillary refill time, reduced urine output, poor feeding

other: fever, rigors, limb/joint swelling,
non blanching rash,

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9
Q

Supportive ABCD for sepsis

A

Airway

breathing

circulation

D - dont ever forget glucose

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10
Q

how do you treat sepsis?

A

treat the cause: broad-spectrum antibiotics

3rd generation cephalosporins + amoxicillin if they’re a neonate

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11
Q

how do you investigate sepsis?

A

bloods:
- FBC (leucocytosis)
- CRP (elevated)
- coagulation factors
- blood gas (acidosis)
- LFTs (hepatic dysfunction)
- glucose
- culture

CSF:

  • cell count and culture (increased WCC!!!)
  • protein and glucose (glucose will be low)
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12
Q

causes of paediatric meningitis in neonates

A

Group B strep

E.coli

Listeria monocytogenes

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13
Q

causes of paediatric meningitis in children

A

Strep pneumonia

meningococci

haemophilus influenzae

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14
Q

symptoms of meningitis in children:

A
  • fever
  • headache
  • photophobia
  • nuchal rigidity
  • nausea & vomiting
  • diminished consciousness
  • focal neurological abnormalities
  • seizures
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15
Q

symptoms of meningitis in neonates:

A
  • fever
  • poor feeding
  • vomiting
  • lethargy
  • irritability
  • respiratory distress
  • apnoea
  • bulging fontanelle
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16
Q

is strep pneumoniae gram negative or positive?

17
Q

complications of pneumococcal meningitis

A

brain damage

hearing loss

hydrocephalus

18
Q

haemophilus infuenzae

gram negative or positive?

19
Q

Strep and staph:

gram negative or positive?

A

gram positive

20
Q

how do you treat streptococci?

A

penicillin for 10 days

21
Q

how do you treat staphylococci?

A

flucloxacillin (synthetic penicillin)

22
Q

what is scarlet fever?

A

Group A strep infection

23
Q

Symptoms of scarlet fever:

group A strep infection

A
  • fever
  • malaise
  • sore throat (pharyngitis)
  • sandpaper rash, ‘strawberry tongue’
24
Q

what are some skin infections/ systemic disease that can be caused by staphylococcus aureus

A
  • cellulitis
  • impetigo
  • infected eczema
  • ulceration
  • staph scalded skin syndrome
  • toxic shock syndrome
25
Highly contagious golden sores/ blisters what is this?
impetigo
26
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
mostly kids under 5 fever, widespread redness, fluid filled blisters
27
what is Kawasaki disease?
self-limiting vasculitis of medium sized arteries
28
symptoms of Kawasaki disease:
fever for 5 days plus: bilateral conjunctival infection cracked lips/ strawberry tongue cervical lymphadenopathy polymorphous rash
29
how do you treat Kawasaki disease?
immunoglobulins aspirin steroids immunosuppressive agents
30
Varicella zoster virus infections symptoms | varicella, chickenpox, zoster
mild malaise and fever generally not unwell itchy papules, vesicles, pustules, crustae, scarring
31
Varicella treatment
Aciclovir
32
how do you prevent the varicella zoster virus?
vaccine!!
33
Herpes simplex virus - difference between type 1 and 2:
HSV1 is oral HSV 2 is genital
34
how do you treat herpes?
aciclovir
35
HIV is an example of what?
a secondary immunodeficiency
36
how do you investigate an immunodeficiency?
FBC immunoglobulins HIV test Functional antibodies lymphocyte subsets complement