Allergies Flashcards
mast cell degranulation leads to what?
rapid release and onset of symptoms
secreted inflammatory markers in allergies
prostaglandins
leukotrienes
cytokines
actions of histamine
bronchial smooth muscle contraction
vasodilation
separation of endothelial cells
pain and itching
common causes of allergies in children
food
bee sting/wasp
drugs
exercise
idiopathic
common food allergens
milk
eggs
peanuts
tree nuts
soya
wheat
mild to moderate reaction would give what symptom?
angioedema (not involving the airway)
severe allergic reaction would involve what symptom?
angioedema of the airway
STRIDOR
utricaria
hives/ red bumps/ wheals
how to you investigate an allergy?
skin prick test
specific IgE
oral food challenge (gold standard)
what if you cant find the allergen? what do you prescribe?
anti-histamines (sedating and non-sedating)
leukotriene antagonist or H2 receptor antagonist
Symptoms of anaphylaxis
onset usually in minutes
laryngeal oedema
hypotension/ collapse
bronchospasm
risk factors for anaphylaxis
poorly controlled asthma
stress
exercise
viral infection
alcohol
how do you treat anaphylaxis?
adrenaline pen (EPIPEN)
what does adrenaline do in anaphylaxis treatment?
reverses peripheral vasodilation
increases peripheral vascular perfusion
improves BP and coronary perfusion
decreases angio-oedema
causes bronchodilation
decreases the release of inflammatory mediators
General measurements to manage allergies in children:
allergen avoidance
anti-histamine
adrenaline injectors
dietary advice
optimise asthma control
