children are not small adults Flashcards
1
Q
what is a child?
A
- anyone under 18
- in Scotland, paediatrics generally refers to under 16s
2
Q
what are the 4Ps that make children different than adults?
A
- physical
- physiological
- psychological
- pathologies
3
Q
how do children differ physical form adults?
A
smaller but also disproportionate
4
Q
how does children’s physiology differ?
A
- surface area: volume
- % water content
- metabolic reserves
therefore get more easily cold, dehydrated, hypoglycaemic
faster pulse and RR, lower blood pressure
5
Q
what is ketotic hypoglycaemia?
A
- children completely run out of glycogen
- 6-7am hypoglycaemic episode
- 1-2 year old
- skinny
- intercurrent illness
6
Q
name some pathological conditions not seen in adults?
A
- abdominal migraine
- bronchiolitis
- bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- croup
- enuresis
- febrile convulsion
- glue ear
- intraventricular haemorrhage
- necrotising enterocolitis
- non accidental injury
- sudden unexplained death of infants
- toddler’s diarrhoea
- vesico-ureteric reflux
- viral induced wheeze
7
Q
give examples of chronic conditions with childhood onset?
A
- asthma (COPD)
- autism
- cerebral palsy
- cystic fibrosis
- gastroschisis
- hirschsprungs disease
- spina bifida
8
Q
give examples of reasons why a child may be admitted to hospital with an acute medical problem?
A
- acute LRTI
- asthma
- bronchiolitis
- croup
- febrile convulsion
- fever
- gastroenteritis
- URTI
- vomiting
- wheeze
9
Q
what are some reasons for reduced mortality
A
obstetric care better housing better nutrition immunisations antibiotics
