Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PATHOLOGY EXAM 1 > infectious diseases- pathogens > Flashcards

infectious diseases- pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

organism that is capable of causing disease

A

pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

causes disease in a healthy population

A

high virulence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

causes diseases only in susceptible populations

A

low virulence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

opportunistic infection

A

-non-pathogenic organism
-low virulence
-immunocompromised host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

-interaction between two organisms
-both organisms benefit

A

mutualism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

-interaction between two organisms
-one organism benefits and other is neither harmed nor helped
(c. albicans)

A

commensalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how do pathogens injure cells and cause tissue damage?

A

-bindt to or enter host cells
-release endotoxins or exotoxins
-release enzymes that degrade tissue components
-damage blood vessels and cause ischemic injury
-induce host inflammatory and immune responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pathogens:

A
  1. viruses
  2. bacteria
  3. fungi
    also
    -prions
    -chlamydia
    -mycoplasma
    -protozoa
    -helminths
    -ectoparasites
    -rickettsia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 general principles of viral infections:

A
  1. intracellular parasites
  2. cell type specific
  3. viral latency
    -virus is a nucleic acid looking for a home
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

viral infection and replication steps:

A
  1. attach
  2. penetrate
  3. reproduce
  4. assemble
  5. release
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

4 types of viral infections with virus

A
  1. transient infections
    -hepatitis a virus
  2. chronic latent infetions
    -herpes simplex virus
  3. chronic productive infections
    -hepatitis b virus
  4. transforming infections
    -epstein barr virus, human papilloma virus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

-humans are natural reservoir
-latency
-reactivation

A

human herpes virus (HIV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

human herpes virus
HHV-1
HHV-2
HHV-3
HHV-4
HHV-5
HHV-8

A

HHV-1- herpes simplex virus type 1
HHV-2- herpes simplex type 2
HHV-3- varicella zoster virus
HHV-4- epstein barr virus
HHV-5- cytomegalovirus
HHV-8- kaposi sarcoma associated virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

transmission of HSV

A

-contact with affected individual shedding virus
-symptomatic active lesions
-asymptomatic viral shredding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

herpes simplex virus type 1 is mostly

A

oral infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

herpes simplex virus type 2 is mostly

A

genital infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

-initial exposure to virus in an individual without immunity

A

primary infections with herpes simplex virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

generally occurs at young age after physical contact with infected individual

A

primary infection with herpes simplex virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

mostly subclinical disease
80% of US population has antibodies to HSV

A

primary infection with herpes simplex virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

flu-like illness with fever, malaise, arthralgia, headache
-eryhtema orally and small clusters of ulcerations/large
IF YOU HAVE COLD SORES=you have herpes

-cervical lymphadenopathy

A

primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

reactivation of herpes

A

recurrent herpes

(like recurrent herpes labialis -on lip, or recurrent intra-oral herpes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

herpes simplex virus infection can cause infection after what nerve

A

trigeminal ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what can happen to fingers/fingernails if dont wear gloves and get in contact with person with hsv

A

herpes whitlow

24
Q

can get HSV doing sports like wrestling

A

herpes gladiatorum

25
young person can have herpes from stomatitis then rub eyes and face causes=
HSV- autoinoculation -spreaded disease among self
26
herpes in eye
herpes simplex keratitis (herpes of the cornea)
27
what is recurrent aphthous?
-NOT caused by a virus!!!!** -focal mucosal destruction -t lymphocyte mediated cytotoxic reaction
28
evolution of an aphthous ulcer
1. erythematous macule (red) 2. ulceration 3. fibrinous membrane (yellowish exudate)
29
what are some precipitating factors for recurrent aphthous stomatitis?
-sodium lauryl sulfate (from toothpaste) -stress -trauma -allergies -acidic foods/juices -gluten -endocrine alterations
30
what are the three clinical types of aphthous stomatitis?
minor, major and herpetiform
31
-recurrent disease -shallow, painful ulcerations on non-keratinized mucosa -solitary or multiple lesions -lasts 10-14 days (heals in 2 weeks) what type of aphthae
minor aphthae
32
-larger (>0.5cm) -deeper- may heal with scarring! -heal slowly- weeks to months (since so deep) what type of aphthae
major aphthae
33
-crops of small, shallow, painful ulcers(multiple) -heals in two weeks -short remissions (heals quicker that minor)
herpetiform aphthae
34
resembles recurrent intra-oral herpes simplex BUT:
-does not begin as vesicles -located on non-keratinized mucosa
35
clinical features of recurrent herpes vs recurrent aphthae: 1. vesicular stage? 2. number of lesions? 3. location?
recurrent herpes 1. yes 2. multiple, confluent 3. masticatory mucosa [immoveable, keratinized] recurrent aphthae [has nothing to do with herpes simplex virus!] 1. no 2. frequently solitary 3. moveable mucosa [non-masticatory mucosa, non-keratinized]
36
going to have to compare primary recurrent herpes, recurrent herpes, and recurrent aphthae. look for: clinical history, length of ulcers primary recurrent: these kids feel horrible/sick (kids because first exposure) -masticatory and non-masticatory tissues (moveable and nonmoveable tissue) -keratinized *can. occur. anywhere
37
when get sore on hard palate, cant be aphthae ulcer since tissue type so is just a
traumatic ulcer
38
nonmoveable is
keratinized
39
recurrent INTRAORAL (not on lips) herpes only occurs on
bound down (immovable) keratinzed masticatory mucosa
40
recurrent aphthae occurs on
moveable, non-keratinzed, non-masticatory moveable mucosa
41
primary is on any tissue type and systemic recurrent herpes- immoveable tissues (hard palate or gingiva) recurrent aphthae- moveable tissues
42
primary and recurrent infections with varicella zoster virus (herpes type 3!!!!) primary infection causes: recurrent infection (get it the second time) causes:
primary infection: varicella aka chicken pox recurrent: Zoster (shingles)
43
varicella(chicken pox) transmission by inspiration of infected _____. clinical disease in______individuals. skin lesions begin on ______. ____in repeated waves heal without scarring unless pick at them
droplets most face/trunk vesicles in repeated waves
44
where does chicken pox hang out at
dorsal spinal ganglion
45
shingles can either effect you
in mouth or on skin or both
46
unilateral dermatomal involvement -prodrome of pain, parethesia
shingles (herpes zoster) happens on one side
47
with shingles, theres 1. prodromal pain 2. acute pain 3. then:
chronic pain: post-herpetic neuralgia (very painful)
48
-herpesvirus (HHV-4) -most adults EBV+ -latency -tropism for B lymphocytes -infects epithelial cells of oral mucosa, oropharynx and nasopharynx
epstein barr virus
49
chicken poxes vs herpes simplex chicken/shingle unlilateral?? can go anywhere -pt would have had chicken poxs before; shingles lasts longer than 2 weeks -recurrent herpes lasts ONLY about 2 weeks
important to know how long herpes/chicken poxes~shingles because that is a sign on how to deferentiate the two
50
association of EPV(HHV-4) with human diease: 1 2 3 4
1. infectious mononucleosis 2. lymphaomas-NHL and HL (burkitt lymphoma NHL) 3. nasopharyngeal carcinoma 4. oral hairy leukoplakia
51
clinical features of infectious mononucleosis
-kissing virus -debilitating EPV infection -self limiting -young adults -salivary transmission -fatigue -malaise -lymphadenopathy -fever -sore throat
52
-peripheral blood lymphocytes -lymphocytes, not monocytes -atypical lymphocytes (downey cells)
infectious mononucleosis
53
can also get necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis from this
infectious mononucleosis
54
lab testing of infectious mononucleosis
1. heterophile antibody -IgM antibody- induced by EBV infection -binds to Paul-Bunnell antigen of sheep and bovine RBCs -non-specific antibody- not specific for EBV 2. monospot test- detects heterpohile antibody 3. EBV- specific testing
55
infectious mono treatment
-symptomatic -bed rest, prevent splenic rupture
56
-epithelial hyperplasia associated with EBV infection -lateral border of tongue- common location -may occur in any immunodeficiency state
oral hairy leukoplakia hairy tongue in mono!!
57
-CMV (HHV-5) -most of population affect by age 60 -most CMV infections are asymptomatic -initial infections are asymptomatic -initial. infection -latency -reactivation
cytomegalovirus

PATHOLOGY EXAM 1 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions