infectious diseases part 2

Question 1

self-limited disease that occurs in epidemics of flu-like symptoms in young children
-transmitted by fecal-oral and airbone routes

Answer 1

coxsackie virus

Question 2

-constitutional symptoms
-begins as small vesicles that rupture and ulcerate
-posterior oral cavity and oropharynx

Answer 2

herpangina

Question 3

vesicular eruption of hands, feet, and anterior mouth

common in daycares

Answer 3

hand, foot, mouth disease

Question 4

-childhood infection
-communicable disease
-skin rash
-MMR vaccine

Answer 4

measles (rubeola)

Question 5

“grains of salt” on an erythematous base
-foci of epithelial necrosis

(deals with measles)

Answer 5

measles(rubeola) Koplik spots

Question 6

-childhood infection
-communicable disease
-MMR vaccine
-30% subclinical infection
-prodromal constitutional symptoms
salivary gland swelling and discomfort

Answer 6

acute viral parotitis(mumps)- endemic parotitis

Question 7

lab findings in mumps

Answer 7

1. elevated serum amylase (released from granules during lysis of acinar cells
2. specific serologic tests

Question 8

complications in mumps

Answer 8

1. rare in young and more common in older adults
2. orchitis, oophoritis, mastitis, meningitis, thyroiditis, pancreatitis
3. sterility, hearing loss

Question 9

-pulmonary infection most common
-intracellular pathogen
-granulomatous disease
-1/3 of world infected
-leading infectious cause of death after AIDS

Answer 9

tuberculosis

Question 10

infection vs active disease in tuberculosis

Answer 10

infection: growth of the organism in a patient

active: destructive, symptomatic

Question 11

transmission of tuberculosis

Answer 11

droplet nuclei 1-5 microns
-stay airborne for long periods of time
-reach the pulmonary alveoli

Question 12

-previously unexposed (unsens) person
-gohn complex (lung lesion)
-cell-mediated immunity controls infection
-fibrosis and calcification
-viable organisms dormant in lesions (latent disease)

Answer 12

primary pulmonary tuberculosis

Question 13

blocks fusion of phagosome with lysozome in mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 13

TB cord factor

Question 14

tuberculosis diagnosis

Answer 14

1. chest radiograph
2. sputum culture
3. molecular biologic tools

Question 15

tuberculosis treatment

Answer 15

multi-drug regimens

Question 16

symptoms of active tuberculosis

Answer 16

chronic cough
hemoptysis
weight loss
night sweats
fever

Question 17

type IV delayed hypersens reaction to protein from M. tuberculosis
-t cells sensitized by prior infection recruited to area
=produces an area of induration

Answer 17

PPD test

Question 18

positive tuberculin skin test

Answer 18

1. individual has been infection
2. cell-mediated hypersens exists
3. does not indicate active disease

Question 19

-tuberculosis lymphadenitis of neck
-mycobacterium bovis infection from infected milk
-pasteurization of milk
-tuberculosis control for cattle

Answer 19

scrofula

Question 20

-treponema pallidum
-sexually transmitted disease
-sequential clinical stages
-years of latency

Answer 20

syphillis

Question 21

2 forms of syphillis

Answer 21

1. acquired syphilis- sexual transmission
2. congenital- in utero transmission

Question 22

clinical stages of untreated acquired syphilis

Answer 22

1. primary 1wk to 3 months
2. secondary 1 to 12 months (skin rash, mucous patch, condyloma lata, maculopapular rash)
3. tertiary 1 to 30 years

Question 23

-most destructive syphilis stage
-gumma
-syphilitic glossitis
-nervous system: neurosyphilis
-cardiovascular system: aneurysm of ascending aorta

Answer 23

tertiary syphilis

Question 24

what lesion and infectious?
primary
secondary
teritary

(for syphilis)

Answer 24

1. chancre- yes
2. mucous patch- yes
3. gumma- no

Question 25

-snuffles
-saddle nose
-rhagades
-hutchinson’s incisors (concaved)
-mulberry molars

Answer 25

congenital syphilis

Question 26

hutchinson’s triad of congenital syphilis:

Answer 26

1. blind
2. deaf
3. dental anomalies

Question 27

dieases caused by fungi location

Answer 27

1. superficial (skin, hair, nails)- dermatophytes
2. subcutaneous (dermis and subcutaneous tissue) -sporotricosis
3. systemic (deep infections of internal organs)- histoplasmosis
4. opportunistic (immunocompromised)- candidiasis

Question 28

-endemic to mississippi river valley
-transmission by inhalation of spores (bird droppings)
-sub cinical infection
-flu like symp

Answer 28

histoplasmosis

Question 29

deep fungal infection of the lungs
-most common systemic fungal infection in the USA
-inhalation of spores
-phagocytosis
-specific immunity
-killing of organism
-dystrophic calcification
-dimorphic fungus- yeast at body temp, mold in nature
80-90% of population infected

Answer 29

histoplasmosis

Question 30

-elderly, debilitated, immunosuppressed, AIDS
-spread to extra-pulmonary sites
-adrenal lesions- addison’s disease
-ORAL LESIONS

Answer 30

disseminated histoplasmosis

Question 31

-deep fungal infection of the lungs
-40% develop respiratory symptoms
-disseminated disease may occur

Answer 31

coccidioidomycosis

Question 32

5 clinical forms of oral candidiasis

Answer 32

1. psuedomembraneous (thrush)
   - cottage cheese looking
2. erythematous(atrophic)
   - red
3. hyperplastic
   - white patch aka leukoplakia
4. angular cheilitis(perleche)
   - corner of mouth
5. central papillary atrophy
   - midline of tongue

Question 33

cytology for diagnosis of fungal infections

Answer 33

oral exfoliative