Infectious Diseases Chapter 10 Flashcards
Most likely exposure of hepatitis for health care workers
Hepatitis B
Blood spills
Must be cleaned up immediately
CDC and OSHA standards
10:1 water:bleach
Hepatitis B
RNA virus
Transmitted through body fluids, feces, ingestion of contaminated food and drinking water
Lives for several months outside body
Approx 28 day incubation period
Hepatitis A
S/S: loss apetite, fatigue, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, jt pain, dark urine, clay stools, jaundice
Vaccine is available
Prognosis: good
MI: prevention: chlorinate water, hand washing. Immunoglobulin can help
PT: none, but practice regular hand washing
Hepatitis A
Incidence probably higher that realized
800,000- 1.4 million living with it
If HIV positive or immunosuppressed, risk of contracting is higher
Vaccination available
Virus in blood is viable for up to 7 days
Hepatitis B
Blood borne transmitted through contaminated blood, sexual contact
Mother to baby
Contaminated instruments
Unsafe sex
Blood transfusion
Direct contact with contaminated blood
Hepatitis B
S/S:Loss appetite, N&V, weakness, fatigue, low grade fever, joint and mm pain and aching, possible rash
Prognosis: acute portion resolves in few weeks
Liver returns to normal function
Chronic hepatitis with liver failure
5% adults
95% infants
50% children 1-5 yrs old
Liver cirrhosis and liver cancer rates are higher
Hepatitis B
MI: prevention is best, inhibitor drugs are available (adefovir and entercavir) and antivirals (interferon, limivudine)
Medications help reduce the virus
PT: not directly
Know standard precautions
Hepatitis B
More prevalent in IV drug users
85% of people who contract it develop the chronic form
Etiology: RNA virus transmitted by infected blood: most common in IV drug users and those with multiple sexual partners, can be spread by spread by transfusions, as a nosocomial infx or mother to child during delivery
Hepatitis C
S/S: incubation of 6-7 weeks
can have for years without any outward signs
Once signs appear: may be mild, however can have chronic form for life.
Loss of appetite, fatigue, abdominal pain and tenderness over liver, mm and jt pain
Chronic form: liver cirrhosis in immunosuppressed, liver cancer
Hepatitis C
S/S liver cirrhosis: enlarged liver and spleen, jaundice, mm atrophy, rash, ascites, ankle edema, LE neuropathy
Long term complications with HCV: glomerulonephritis, arthritis, sjogrens syndrome, non-Hodgkins lymphoma, fibromylagia
Hepatitis C
Prognosis: depends on severity
MI: prevention if possible, NO VACCINATION, blood tests: liver function tests, anti-HCV, HCV-RIBA, viral load test, liver biopsy. Medications: antivirals: alpha-interferon, ribavirin. May have liver transplant
PT: may see if have arthritis or fibromyalgia
Hepatitis C
Occurs with extreme alcohol intake
Occasionally from moderate drinking
More common in women
Affects 2 million people in US, more prevalent in 20-60 yr olds
Etiology: most likely genetic factors, malnutrition, immunological factors, other hepatitis
Alcoholic Hepatitis
S/S: pain, tenderness in abdomen, ascites, nausea, fever, loss of appetite, fatigue, excessive thirst, dry mouth, pallor, rapid weight gain, tachycardia, anemia, encephalopathy
Complications: portal htn, varices, bruising and bleeding tendencies, cirrhosis, hepatic encephalopathy
Alcoholic Hepatitis
Prognosis: less severe can recover
If more severe much higher mortality rate
Hepatic encephalopathy: very severe
MI: liver tests: both enzymes and levels of albumin and bilirubin, US, liver biopsy, refrain from alcohol, improve nutrition, weight loss, liver transplant
PT: not indicated
Alcoholic Hepatitis
