Bone fractures- chap 26

Question 1

TRAUMA

FYI

Fractures
Dislocations
Sprains and strains

Question 2

A break in the rigid structure and continuity of a bone.

Question 3

TYPES OF FRACTURES

15

Answer 3

1. complete
2. incomplete
3. open
4. closed
5. simple
6. comminuted
7. compression
8. impacted
9. pathologic
10. stress
11. depressed
12. transverse
13. linear
14. oblique
15. spiral

Question 4

broken all the way

Answer 4

complete fracture

Question 5

broken not all the way

Answer 5

incomplete

Question 6

broken all the way and through the skin

Answer 6

open

Question 7

broken all the way but not through skin

Answer 7

closed

Question 8

clean break -just a break

Answer 8

simple

Question 9

breaks into little pieces

Answer 9

comminuted

Question 10

bones pressed together usually vertebrae and more pressure on one side.

Answer 10

compression

Question 11

bones break by pushing straight into itself.

Answer 11

impacted

Question 12

fx from constant pounding. usually sports. break looks uneven and brittle

Answer 12

stress fx

Question 13

fracture to the skull ( maybe from a hammer smashed to the head)

Answer 13

Depressed

Question 14

fx straight across(not up and down)

Answer 14

transvers

Question 15

fx that is a line

Answer 15

linear

Question 16

fx at an angle

Answer 16

oblique

Question 17

fx that twists

Answer 17

spiral

Question 18

1. Fracture of the distal radius
2. Mechanism: usually extending arm to break fall

Answer 18

Colles’ fracture

Question 19

how do bones heal?

Answer 19

1. Hematoma and formation of granulation tissue
2. Fibro cartilaginous callus
3. Bony callus
4. Remodeling

Question 20

clot forms in medullary canal under the periosteum

• Inflammatory response develops a reaction to the trauma,
• Serves as a base for fibrin network
• Fibroblasts move in to lay down new collagen
• Not very strong: fibro cartilaginous callus

Answer 20

Hematoma

Question 21

new bone formation

1. Callus produces is larger than necessary
2. Osteoblast activity: forms collagen

Answer 21

Boney callus:

Question 22

3 phases
of bone healing

Answer 22

Initial inflammatory response

• 1-2 weeks

Reparative phase

• Lasts several months
• Callous forms, fracture more stable
• WB on LE 6-12 weekw
• UE: 4-6 weeks

Remodeling phase

• Lasts several years

Question 23

Reduction of fracture

• Closed
• Open

Fixation

• Internal
• External

Answer 23

treatment of fractures

Question 24

1. The separation of two bones at a joint with a loss of contact between the articulating surfaces.
2. If the bone is only partially displaced, the injury is a SUBLUXATION
3. Loss of contact between the articulating bone surfaces
4. One bone usually tends to be out of position, the other one stays in place

Answer 24

dislocation

Question 25

1. Bone is only partially displaced
2. Partial loss of contact between surfaces

Answer 25

subluxation

Question 26

stretching or a tear in a ligament

Answer 26

Sprain

Question 27

stretching or a tear in a tendon or muscle

Answer 27

Strain

Question 28

separation of a ligament or tendon from its bony attachment

Answer 28

Avulsion

Question 29

• Inflammation occurs
• Granulation tissue
• Collagen fibers formed, link with remaining tendon or ligament, binds with fibrous tissue
• Takes at least 6 weeks to become strong

Answer 29

after a tear

Question 30

1. Malignant neoplasm
2. Usually develops in femur, tibia, or fibula
3. Primarily in children and young adults
4. Grow quickly and metastasize to the lungs in early stages

Answer 30

Osteosarcoma

Question 31

1. Major symptom: bone pain = constant, steady pain at rest as well as with activity, night pain
2. Treatment: surgical amputation or excision; chemotherapy
3. 5 year survival rate = 30%

Answer 31

Osteosarcoma

Question 32

1. Arise from cartilage cells
2. More common in adults
3. Develop gradually
4. Pelvis, shoulder girdle
5. Metastasize to the lung (often early)
6. Treatment: surgical excision

Answer 32

Chondrosarcoma