Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fundamentals of disease > Bone and Joint Disease Spondos in here > Flashcards

Bone and Joint Disease Spondos in here Flashcards

1
Q

Objectives:

A
  • List and describe major skeletal disorders

- Explain the healing process of bones following common types of fractures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What system

  • Provides body framework, support and movement
  • Protects internal organs
  • Stores calcium
  • Produces blood cells
A

Functions of the 
Musculoskeletal System:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What makes up the Musculoskeletal System?

A

Muscles Tendons
Bones Ligaments
Cartilage Bursae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the function of Bones

A
  • Provide structure for body
  • Bear weight
  • Protect organs
  • Store Calcium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Classification of Bones:

A

Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Irregular bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where can you find Long bones

A

humerus and femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where can you find Short bone

A

wrist and ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where can you find Flat bone

A

skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

vary in shape and have projections

A

skull- (Vertebrae and mandible)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what bone composition is composed of collagen fibers and calcium phosphate salts

A

Matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what bone composition lie between rings of matrix

A

Bone cells (osteocytes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are Two types of bone tissue:

A

Compact, Cancellous (spongey)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What bones are strong, rigid structure

A

Compact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What bones are less dense, forms internal portion of bone

A

Cancellous (spongey)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where is Bone Marrow found

A

Medullary cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What takes place in the Bone Marrow

A

Hematopoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the function of Joints

A
  • Form the union between bones

- Often allow for movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do most joints have?

A

ligaments, cartilage, bursae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  • Absorbs shock
  • Chondrocytes: produce collagen and -proteogylcans
  • 80% water
A

Synovial joint

Articular or hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

May allow mobility or increased stability

A

Synovial joint-Ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Help increase stability

A

Synovial joint-Menisci or labrum

22
Q

Sacs filled with fluid

A

Synovial joint- Bursae

23
Q 
What type of DJD
Not a true inflammatory disease
May become inflamed at times
Age group: most typically 45 and older
21 million people in US
Primary: unknown
Secondary: previous injury, repetitive stress, obesity, hemophilia, infection, hypermobility, repetitive stress
A

Osteoarthritis

24
Q

Osteoarthritis (OA) - pathophysiology:

A

Surface of cartilage becomes rough, interfering with joint movement.
Tissue damage causes release of enzymes that accelerate disintegration of cartilage.
Bone underneath cartilage becomes exposed and damaged. Cysts and bone spurs (osteophytes) develop.
Pieces of bone spurs break off and cause irritation in the synovial cavity (can produce locking.)

25
Q

Osteoarthritis (OA) – signs and symptoms:

A

Initially – mild, insidious pain that occurs with weight bearing and movement
Pain becomes more severe as degeneration process progresses
Limited joint movement
Enlarged, hard joint
Crepitus
NO SYSTEMIC SIGNS

26
Q

Osteoarthritis (OA)-evaluation of Xray

A 
Loss of jt space
Sclerosis of bone ends
Flattened shape of articular bone ends
Osteophytes
Usually affects hip, knee, shoulder, hands
27
Q

What happens when Osteoarthritis affects the hip

A

Pain in groin to hip
Muscles: hip flexors, adductors and lat rotators
Mm weakness
Trendelenburg gait

28
Q

What happens when Osteoarthritis affects the Knee

A

Quads atrophy
Genu varus gait
Ant jt pain with enlargement of jt
Ant knee pain

29
Q

Osteoarthritis (OA) – treatment:

A

Minimize undue stress on joint
Assistive devices to minimize stress on joint (SPC, FWW)
Intraarticular injection of synthetic synovial fluid
Glucocorticoids
NSAIDS
Joint replacement + rehab

30
Q

PT for OA

A

Increase function
Strengthen weak mm, increase endurance, home ex
Weight reduction
Regular exercise
Modalities: heat, ice, US, e-stim, massage, parrafin
List pg 177

31
Q

Degeneration of vertebral discs
Affects apophyseal jts
Facet jts of spine

A

Spondylosis

32
Q

This disease may be caused by
Poor posture
Heavy lifting
Prior injury

A

Spondylosis

33
Q

What are these signs and symptoms
deterioration of disc
Lipping
Compression fractures, ligamentous thickening, inflammation

A

Spondylosis

34
Q

This is the prognosis for what:(prognosis does vary w/ each pt)
MI: reduce pain, relieve neurological symptoms
Analgesics, anti-inflammatories
Decompressive surgery (radiculopathy or myelopathy)
Cortisone inj

A

Prognosis: Spondylosis

35
Q

physical therapy for What?
Restore function
Postural re-ed, mm strengthening, flexibility, jt mobilization, pain relief

A

Spondylosis

36
Q

Defect of pars interarticularis in lumbar spine
3-7% of population
Contact sports and gymnastics

A

Spondylolysis (2y’s)

37
Q

Etiology for Spondylolysis

A

Microtrauma or genetic defect
Spina bifida occulta
S/S: usually L4/5 or L5/S1
Pain or find on xray

38
Q

Medical intervention for Spondylolysis

A

diagnose with CT or MRY, x-ray, bone density
Treat with period of inactivity
Analgesics

39
Q

PT for Spondylolysis

A

Abdominal and extensor strengthening

Postural re-ed

40
Q
  • Slippage of one vertebral body anteriorly on another
  • Narrows spinal canal
  • Usually L4/5 L5/S1
  • Onset over 40 or in children
A

Spondylolisthesis

41
Q

Etiology for Spondylolisthesis

A

trauma with fracture of pars interarticularis

42
Q

S/S: of Spondylolisthesis

A

LBP better supine, mm spasm, Increased lordosis, referred pain
Prognosis: PT, analgesics, exercise, spinal fusion

43
Q

medical intervention for Spondylolisthesis

A

fusion if severe

44
Q

PT for Spondylolisthesis

A

strengthening, postural re-ed, avoid extension, support

45
Q

See in young, old or immunosuppressed, drug abuse
Increased incidence with RA
STD: 80% of incidence in young

A

Infective Arthritis

46
Q

Etiology of Infective Arthritis

A

bacteria; viral or metabolic disorders

Puncture, decubitus, strep, staph, pseudo, syphilis, gonorrhea, TB, Lyme

47
Q

S/S of Infective Arthritis

A

if prolonged: jt damage. Usually 1 jt with severe pain, acute tenderness, inflammation

48
Q

Prognosis of Infective Arthritis

A

life threatening or may resolve

49
Q

Medical intervention Infective Arthritis

A

CT, x-ray, MRI, lab tests, Abx, drains

50
Q

PT for Infective Arthritis

A

after infx is treated: progressive strenthening, stretching, endurance

Fundamentals of disease (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions