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BPK 140 > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Latent Period

A

post-infection and before development of symptoms and signs

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2
Q

First Line of Defence

A

skin -> cilia -> mucus -> elevated body temperature -> cough, tears, saliva

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3
Q

Second Line of Defence

A

Immune cells recognize foreigners because they have antigens (eg proteins/ sugars) on their surface different from their own

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4
Q

Chain of Infection Model

A

Pathogen -> Reservoir -> Portal of Exit -> Means of Transmission -> Portal of Entry -> New Host

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5
Q

Common Cold

A

P: rhinovirus, coronavirus

MoT: cough, sneezes, direct or indirect contact

Prevention: hand-washing

T: immune system

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6
Q

Flu

A

P: influenza virus

S: aches, chills, dry cough, weakness that lasts longer

T: annual vaccine (flu shot); antiviral drugs for high-risk cases

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7
Q

Hepatitis

A

P: Hep A-G causes inflammation of the liver

S: high fever, headaches, fatigue, aching, joints, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, jaundice

MoT: contaminated water (A/E) or sexual contact (B/C/D)

T: Hep A/B vaccine (available in Canada)

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8
Q

Meningitis

A

P: Streptococcus pneumonia (bacterial) and Neisseria meningitis (viral)

S: Brain and spinal cord membrane infection, fever, drowsiness, confusion, severe headache, stiff neck, nausea, vomiting

Virus: The drug clears up by itself

Bacteria: dangerous and requires antibiotics

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9
Q

Vaginal Infections

A

Trichomoniasis
Candidiasis
Bacterial Vaginosis

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10
Q

Candidiasis

A

P: Candida Albeans (yeast; fungi)

S: itching, burning, discharge

MoT: Found prevalent in weak immune systems

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11
Q

Trichomoniasis

A

P: Trichomonas Vaginas (protozoan)

S: itching, burning, discharging

T: treated with anti-viral drugs (anti-protozoans)

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12
Q

Penile Infections and Symptoms

A

Candidiasis (fungal), Epididymitis, Orchitis (bacterial or viral)

S: redness, irritation, pain during sex, discharge

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12
Q

Urinary Tract Infections

A

Inflammation of the urethra (less serious) & bladder or kidney (more serious)

S: urination burning, chills, fever, fatigue, bloody urine

MoT: more common in females

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13
Q

Bacterial Vaginosis

A

P: bacteria

S: white/ greyish discharge, strong odour

MoT: usually women in reproductive years

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14
Q

Chlamydia

A

P: Chlamydia Trachomatis

S: PID, disrupted menstruation, phobic pain, nausea, vaginal discharge, urine burns

MoT: mother to infant during childbirth, mainly sex (ages 15-29), direct contact to vagina

T: Easily treated by antibiotics (usually one dose) BUT no early symptoms (increased risk of spread)

Prevention: condom

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15
Q

How to prevent antibiotic resistance?

A

finish prescription, let the immune system work, don’t share antibiotics, don’t use leftover antibiotics, use soap less

16
Q

Bacterial STI’s

A

Chlamydia

Gonorrhea

Syphilis

17
Q

Most Common Canadian STI

A

Chlamydia

18
Q

Gonorrhea

A

P: Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

S: If left untreated: cloudy discharge & burning (males) & green, yellowish discharge, PID (females)

MoT: oral, vaginal or oral sex, ages: F(15-24), M(30-39)

T: Antibiotics

Prevention: Condom

19
Q

Stages of Syphilis

A
  1. days: sore, usually painless at infection site (unnoticed but high bacteria at infection site)
  2. months: body rash (hands & feet), flu-like symptoms
  3. yrs or decades: bacteria invade NS causing CNS & CVD effects
20
Q

Syphilis

A

P: Treponema Pallidum

S: mental disturbance, heart failure, blindness, death

MoT: skin opening via kissing or other sex forms

T: antibiotics (treat before stage 3)

21
Q

Human Papilloma Virus

A

S: common warts, genital warts, genital or cervical cancer

MoT: sex, primarily oral but often immune system

T: immune system

Prevention: HPV Gardasil (not condoms)

22
Q

What is the most common virus in NA?

A

HPV (~75% of active adults)

23
Q

Herpes Simplex Virus

A

P: HSV1 (mouth) & HSV2 (genitals) but the reverse can be true

S: small, painful, leaking red blisters

MoT: skin opening (shedding virus sores), oral sex

T: Acyclovir (antiviral) lessens symptoms

Prevention: condom

24
Q

HPV: Progression

A

Usually no serious consequences but can be >2 years for 5-10% of females

Persistent infection -> high-risk of pre-cancerous cervical changes -> cervical cancer (10-15 yrs)

25
Q

Why is the prevention of HSV difficult?

A

difficult b/c 2/3 of NA carry & outbreaks usually come from stress, illness, fatigue, sun exposure, intercourse, menstruation

26
Q

HSV: Progression

A

skin opening -> settles dormant in spine -> travels through nerves back to skin

27
Q

How much % of NA has HSV1 or 2?

A

HSV1: ~50-60%

HSV2: ~7-20%

28
Q

HIV & AIDS: Biology

A

infects T-cells to hide in the immune system

replicate too fast to be killed

mutate (change antigens) to avoid elimination

28
Q

HIV Tests

A

measures antibodies to fight the virus b/c HIV hides

29
Q

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)

A

The combination if 3-different drugs that target various stages of the HIV life cycle

30
Q

Untreated HIV

A

AIDS in 10 years which severely hurts immune system and causes death due to opportunistic infection

31
Q

How many HIV/AIDS Canadians?

A

~65,000

32
Q

What is % spread of sexual orientation for HIV/AIDS?

A

50% gay

33% Straight

17% intravenous

23% lesbian

<1% fetus

BPK 140 (12 decks)

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