Infectious Disease Flashcards by Rachel Wood

Nitrofurantoin Brand & Class & Indication

Macrobid
Antibiotic
UTI Proph & Tx

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Nitrofurantoin MOA

Forms into a reactive intermediate by bacterial enzymes which in turn then interacts with ribosomal proteins that result in an inhibition of protein synthesis, DNA, RNA, and cell wall synthesis.

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Nitro AE

Brown urine

GI effects

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Rifaximin Brand & Class & Indication

Xifaxin
Ab
Hepatic Encephalopathy, IBS, Traveler’s diarrhea
OFF LABEL USE FOR C. DIFF**

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Rifaximin MOA

It is a derivative of Rifampin that is known to inhibit bacterial RNA synthesis through an antagonism of the bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

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Rifaximin AE

Dizziness, edema, headache, pruritis, increase Liver enzymes

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Albendazole Brand & Class & Indication

Albenza
Antihelmintic

Neurocysticerosis (Parenchymal), Hydatid, Microsporidiosis

OFF LABEL USE: Roundworm, Chinese liver fluke, Cutaneous larva migrans, Tapeworm, Pinworm.

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Albendazole AE

Headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, increase in liver enzymes.

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Entecavir Brand & class & indication

Baraclude
Antihepadnaviral Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

HBV infection (chronic)
OFF LABEL: prophylaxis HBV reinfection

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Entecavir AE

Edema, elevation of liver enzymes, GI effects (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), hyperglycemia.

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Entecavir MOA

Upon being phosphorylated by guanosine triphosphate it then inhibits Hepatitis B Viral Polymerase and thus viral DNA synthesis.

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Albendazole MOA

degenerates microtubules in cytoplasm in intestinal & tegmental cells of helminthes & their lava.

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Simeprevir Brand & Class & Indication

Olysio
Anti-hepaciviral (Anti-HCV); NS3/4A Protease Inhibitor

Hepatitis C infection (genotype 1 w/o cirrhosis) in combination with Sofosbuvir;
Hepatitis C infection (genotype 1 or 4 w/o cirrhosis) in combination with Peginterferon alfa and Ribavirin.

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Simeprevir MOA

Inhibits NS3/4A protease that is essential for viral replication and also acts as a chain terminator.

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Simeprevir AE

Fatigue, pruritis, rash, GI (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), increaed bilirubin, photosensitivity (esp. with patients of East Asian descent).

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Efavirenz brand & class & indication

Sustiva
Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI); Antiretroviral Agent

HIV 1 infection

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Efavirenz MOA

Inhibits the enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which then impairs RNA-dependent and DNA dependent DNA polymerase activity in HIV-1 infected cells.

Efavirenze AE

Insomnia, GI (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), elevated liver enzymes, nightmares, psychosis, seizures.

Fidaxomicin brand class indication

Dificid
Macrolide ab
C. DIFF*

Fidaxomicin MOA

Despite being a macrolide, which decreases protein synthesis by inhibiting the 50S ribosomal subunit, Fidaxomicin works on C. Difficile by inhibiting RNA polymerase.

Fidaxomicin AE

Abdominal pain, N/V

Clarithromycin brand class indication

Biaxin
Macrolide

Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), Bronchitis, H. pylori, Mycobacterial infection, Sinusitis, Skin and Soft Tissue Infection (uncomplicated).

Clarithromycin important pearl

Only macrolide approved for H Pyrloi

Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim brand class ind

Bactrim
Sulfonamide ab

IND: COPD exacerbation from infx, PJP in HIV infected patients, traveler’s diarrhea, UTI;

DOC for prophylaxis and treatment of PJP infection in HIV infected patients.

SMX/TMP MOA

* SMX- inhibits the production of dihydropteroic acid. * TMP-inhibits the enzyme reduction of dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid which is needed for DNA & RNA synthesis and replication.

SMX/TMP AE

Diarrhea, hyperkalemia, hemolytic anemia, nausea, photosensitivity, rash, renal failure.

Minocycline brand class ind

Minocin Tetracycline Acne vulgaris, Carriers of Miningocccus, Gonorrhea and chlamydia infections (uncomplicated), Syphilis. OFF LABEL: Cellulitis (including suspected ca-MRSA)

Minocycline AE

GI effects (Nauses, vomiting, diarrhea), photosensitivity, tooth discoloration in children < 8 yrs. old., increased intracranial hypertension.

Nitazoxanide brand class ind

Alinia Antiprotozoal Agent IND: Diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium parvum or Giardia lamblia OFF LABEL: C. Difficile

Oseltamivir brand class ind

Tamiflu Neuraminidase Inhibitor; Antiviral Influenza A & B (prophylaxis & treatment)

Nitazoxanide MOA

Inhibits anaerobic metabolism that is essential to protozoans by blocking pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase enzyme dependent electron transfer reaction

Oseltamivir MOA

Inhibits the enzyme, neuraminidase, which is required for a new influenza virus from leaving the surface of the cell it infected

Valacyclovir brand class ind

Valtrex Antiviral IND: Genital herpes, Herpes zoster, Varicella, Herpes labialis OFF LABEL: cold sores, CMV prophylaxis

Valacyclovir AE

Headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, malaise.

Fluconazole brand calss ind

Diflucan Azole Derivative Antifungal Agent Candidal vulvovaginitis, Cryptococcal meningitis, Oropharyngeal candidasis.

Fluconazole MOA

Inhibits ergosterol in the fungal cell causing disruption

Fluconazole AE

Dizziness, headache, nausea, liver enzyme elevations, small risk of QT prolongation, skin reactions.

Levofloxacin brand class ind

Levaquin Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic; AKA "Quinolones" Acute bacterial bronchitis, Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), Prostatitis, Pyelonephritis cute, skin and soft tissue infection.

Levofloxacin MOA

Prevents DNA replication by inhibiting DNA gyrase

Levofloxacin AE

C DIFF, Tendon problems