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Patient Care > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Nitrofurantoin Brand & Class & Indication

A

Macrobid
Antibiotic
UTI Proph & Tx

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2
Q

Nitrofurantoin MOA

A

Forms into a reactive intermediate by bacterial enzymes which in turn then interacts with ribosomal proteins that result in an inhibition of protein synthesis, DNA, RNA, and cell wall synthesis.

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3
Q

Nitro AE

A

Brown urine

GI effects

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4
Q

Rifaximin Brand & Class & Indication

A

Xifaxin
Ab
Hepatic Encephalopathy, IBS, Traveler’s diarrhea
OFF LABEL USE FOR C. DIFF**

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5
Q

Rifaximin MOA

A

It is a derivative of Rifampin that is known to inhibit bacterial RNA synthesis through an antagonism of the bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

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6
Q

Rifaximin AE

A

Dizziness, edema, headache, pruritis, increase Liver enzymes

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7
Q

Albendazole Brand & Class & Indication

A

Albenza
Antihelmintic

Neurocysticerosis (Parenchymal), Hydatid, Microsporidiosis

OFF LABEL USE: Roundworm, Chinese liver fluke, Cutaneous larva migrans, Tapeworm, Pinworm.

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8
Q

Albendazole AE

A

Headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, increase in liver enzymes.

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9
Q

Entecavir Brand & class & indication

A

Baraclude
Antihepadnaviral Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

HBV infection (chronic)
OFF LABEL: prophylaxis HBV reinfection
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10
Q

Entecavir AE

A

Edema, elevation of liver enzymes, GI effects (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), hyperglycemia.

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11
Q

Entecavir MOA

A

Upon being phosphorylated by guanosine triphosphate it then inhibits Hepatitis B Viral Polymerase and thus viral DNA synthesis.

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12
Q

Albendazole MOA

A

degenerates microtubules in cytoplasm in intestinal & tegmental cells of helminthes & their lava.

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13
Q

Simeprevir Brand & Class & Indication

A

Olysio
Anti-hepaciviral (Anti-HCV); NS3/4A Protease Inhibitor

  • Hepatitis C infection (genotype 1 w/o cirrhosis) in combination with Sofosbuvir;
  • Hepatitis C infection (genotype 1 or 4 w/o cirrhosis) in combination with Peginterferon alfa and Ribavirin.
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14
Q

Simeprevir MOA

A

Inhibits NS3/4A protease that is essential for viral replication and also acts as a chain terminator.

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15
Q

Simeprevir AE

A

Fatigue, pruritis, rash, GI (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), increaed bilirubin, photosensitivity (esp. with patients of East Asian descent).

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16
Q

Efavirenz brand & class & indication

A

Sustiva
Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI); Antiretroviral Agent

HIV 1 infection

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17
Q

Efavirenz MOA

A

Inhibits the enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which then impairs RNA-dependent and DNA dependent DNA polymerase activity in HIV-1 infected cells.

18
Q

Efavirenze AE

A

Insomnia, GI (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), elevated liver enzymes, nightmares, psychosis, seizures.

19
Q

Fidaxomicin brand class indication

A

Dificid
Macrolide ab
C. DIFF*

20
Q

Fidaxomicin MOA

A

Despite being a macrolide, which decreases protein synthesis by inhibiting the 50S ribosomal subunit, Fidaxomicin works on C. Difficile by inhibiting RNA polymerase.

21
Q

Fidaxomicin AE

A

Abdominal pain, N/V

22
Q

Clarithromycin brand class indication

A

Biaxin
Macrolide

Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), Bronchitis, H. pylori, Mycobacterial infection, Sinusitis, Skin and Soft Tissue Infection (uncomplicated).

23
Q

Clarithromycin important pearl

A

Only macrolide approved for H Pyrloi

24
Q

Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim brand class ind

A

Bactrim
Sulfonamide ab

IND: COPD exacerbation from infx, PJP in HIV infected patients, traveler’s diarrhea, UTI;

DOC for prophylaxis and treatment of PJP infection in HIV infected patients.

25
Q

SMX/TMP MOA

A
  • SMX- inhibits the production of dihydropteroic acid.
  • TMP-inhibits the enzyme reduction of dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid which is needed for DNA & RNA synthesis and replication.
26
Q

SMX/TMP AE

A

Diarrhea, hyperkalemia, hemolytic anemia, nausea, photosensitivity, rash, renal failure.

27
Q

Minocycline brand class ind

A

Minocin
Tetracycline
Acne vulgaris, Carriers of Miningocccus, Gonorrhea and chlamydia infections (uncomplicated), Syphilis.

OFF LABEL: Cellulitis (including suspected ca-MRSA)

28
Q

Minocycline AE

A

GI effects (Nauses, vomiting, diarrhea), photosensitivity, tooth discoloration in children < 8 yrs. old., increased intracranial hypertension.

29
Q

Nitazoxanide brand class ind

A

Alinia
Antiprotozoal Agent

IND: Diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium parvum or Giardia lamblia

OFF LABEL: C. Difficile

30
Q

Oseltamivir brand class ind

A

Tamiflu
Neuraminidase Inhibitor; Antiviral
Influenza A & B (prophylaxis & treatment)

31
Q

Nitazoxanide MOA

A

Inhibits anaerobic metabolism that is essential to protozoans by blocking pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase enzyme dependent electron transfer reaction

32
Q

Oseltamivir MOA

A

Inhibits the enzyme, neuraminidase, which is required for a new influenza virus from leaving the surface of the cell it infected

33
Q

Valacyclovir brand class ind

A

Valtrex
Antiviral

IND: Genital herpes, Herpes zoster, Varicella, Herpes labialis

OFF LABEL: cold sores, CMV prophylaxis

34
Q

Valacyclovir AE

A

Headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, malaise.

35
Q

Fluconazole brand calss ind

A

Diflucan
Azole Derivative Antifungal Agent

Candidal vulvovaginitis, Cryptococcal meningitis, Oropharyngeal candidasis.

36
Q

Fluconazole MOA

A

Inhibits ergosterol in the fungal cell causing disruption

37
Q

Fluconazole AE

A

Dizziness, headache, nausea, liver enzyme elevations, small risk of QT prolongation, skin reactions.

38
Q

Levofloxacin brand class ind

A

Levaquin
Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic; AKA “Quinolones”

Acute bacterial bronchitis, Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), Prostatitis, Pyelonephritis cute, skin and soft tissue infection.

39
Q

Levofloxacin MOA

A

Prevents DNA replication by inhibiting DNA gyrase

40
Q

Levofloxacin AE

A

C DIFF, Tendon problems

Patient Care (11 decks)

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