infectious disease Flashcards
Common Cold
D/S Acute infection, inflammation of upper respiratory tract
E/T Viruses, Mycoplasma; transmitted by airborne respiratory droplets
S/S Nasal congestion, pharyngitis, headache, malaise, burning/watery eyes
D/X None specific; throat culture
T/X Symptomatic; mild analgesics, ample fluid intake, rest, decongestants
P/P Self-limiting/None known
Influenza
D/S Acute, contagious respiratory disease, affecting especially school- aged and elderly persons
E/T Orthomyxoviridae A, B, or C; transmitted by cough, sneeze, hand-to-hand contact
S/S Abrupt, fever, chills, headache, croup in children, malaise, congestion
D/X Difficult to diagnosis; symptomatology
T/X Bedrest (BR), adequate fluid intake, analgesics, antipyretics
P/P Good/Influenza vaccines
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
D/S Myalgic encephalomyelitis, debilitating chronic fatigue
E/T Likely multifactorial (many reasons) ; virus, immune system, genetic makeup, sex
S/S Fever, chills, sore throat, painful cervical/axillary lymph nodes, migratory arthralgia
D/X History and physical (H and P) examination, diagnosis of exclusion
T/X Supportive therapy, education, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents
P/P May last for months/None known
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
D/S Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; transmitted mainly through sexual contact; by blood, transplacental products; during parturition, postpartum; in breast milk; by male homosexuals, bisexuals (both sexes); IV drug users
E/T HIV retrovirus replicates itself infecting tetraiodothyronine (T4) cells
S/S No recognizable symptoms; fever, flulike, seroconversion, opportunistic infections
D/X H and P examination, including risk factors, immune system laboratory tests, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
T/X None effective; zidovudine (AZT), didanosine (DDI), antiretroviral drugs
P/P Opportunistic infections recur with or without malignancies/Education, avoiding exposure to infected persons, universal precautions
