Genitourinary diseases

Question 1

Undescended Testes (Cryptorchidism)

Answer 1

D/S Congenital failure of testes to descend into scrotal sac; unilateral or bilateral
E/T Unknown; linked to fetal inadequate, improper hormone levels
S/S Impalpable testes on one or both sides; underdeveloped
D/X PE, serum gonadotropin test
T/X Wait; surgical treatment before
age 4
P/P Good with proper attention/None known

Question 2

Congenital Defects of the Ureter, Bladder, Urethra

Answer 2

Duplicated ureter: Two ureters rather than one
Retrocaval ureter: R ureter passes behind inferior vena cava before entering urinary bladder
Ectopic orifice of ureter: Ureteral opening inserts into vagina/prostate
Stricture/stenosis of ureter: One ureter is tightened or partially closed
Ureterocele: Bulging ureter into urinary bladder
Exstrophy of bladder: Lower abdominal wall portion and bladder wall missing
Congenital bladder diverticulum: Pouching out of bladder wall
Hypospadias: Abnormal opening in urethra of male or female