Cardiovascular and Lymphatic system diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Myocarditis

A

If not MI

  • Cause : bacteria, viral, toxins, drugs or radiation therapy
  • palpitations, fever, myalgia, Pleuritic pain, SOB and tachycardia
  • ECG, MRI, blood test, history of respiratory infection
  • oxygen therapy, antibiotics, ACE inhibitors, rest, decrease Na and fat, good diet
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2
Q

Mitral stenosis

A
  • occurs mostly after Mi
  • Signs :
    1. Orthopnea, dyspnea
    2. Fatigue
    3. Palpitations
    4. Peripheral edema
    5. Atrial fibrillation
    6. Pulmonary hypertension
    7. Distention of jugular veins
    8. Abnormal heart sounds
  • Treatment
  • ECG, Xray, surgery, Balloon valvuloplasty
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3
Q

Essential hypertension

A
  1. High bp persists over many years MOSTLY Idiopathic

Stage 1 = more than 140/90 mm Hg
Stage 2 = more than 160/100 mm Hg

People at risk are:

  1. they do everything bad
  2. diabetic
  3. Oral contraceptives
  4. Genetic
  5. Elderly

Test:
Check BP twice
Bruits
Xray, ECG

  • Treatment
  • diet (low-salt, low-fat)
  • drugs that reduce blood pressure
    Moderate exercise
    Reduction in stress
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4
Q

CAD

A
  • Narrow artery - plaque
  • Decreased blood supply to heart
  • Decreased oxygen -> part of heart dies replaced with scar tissue
  • More common in men, postmenopausal women, middle-aged persons, elderly persons
  • Risk of getting are people with :
    high salt, fat intake
    age
    genetics
    smoking
    stress
    diabetes mellitus
* Signs and symptoms
Angina
Nausea, vomiting
Sweating
Feeling of panic

Test:
Look at angina pattern
Test stress
ECG, CT

Treatment:
No smoking
diet
surgery
drugs : like Nitroglycerine, beta blocker, antiinflams, pain killers and ACE inhibs (decreased blood pressure), increase Vit D intake
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5
Q

Atrial Fibrillation

A
  • atria out of sync with ventricles
  • blood pools in atria -> blood clot -> embolises -> CVA
  • Cause:
    1. heart injury or abnormality
    2. Hypertension, congenital heart defects, MI, viral infections, sleep apnea
  • Signs
  • sporadic or chronic
  • “Racing” of the heart and palpitations
  • Confusion, chest pain, weakness, and shortness of breath
    Test:
    ECG, Xray, holter monitor, face scan

Treatment

  1. Beta or calcium channel blockers
  2. Cardioversion, electrically or with medication
  3. Cryoablation
  4. Cough during fibrillation
  5. Change diet
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6
Q

CHF

A
  • heart can pump well
  • Circulatory congestion may occur in systemic venous circulation (resulting in peripheral edema) or pulmonary circulation (resulting in pulmonary edema—life-threatening)
  • due to
    1. many cardiac diseases
    2. pulmonary diseases
    3. Degenerative conditions
    4. MI
* Signs
Distended neck veins
Oedema - pulmonary and peripheral
Cyanosis 
Enlarged liver - hepatomegaly
Tachypnea, palpitations
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