Cardiovascular and Lymphatic system diseases Flashcards
1
Q
Myocarditis
A
If not MI
- Cause : bacteria, viral, toxins, drugs or radiation therapy
- palpitations, fever, myalgia, Pleuritic pain, SOB and tachycardia
- ECG, MRI, blood test, history of respiratory infection
- oxygen therapy, antibiotics, ACE inhibitors, rest, decrease Na and fat, good diet
2
Q
Mitral stenosis
A
- occurs mostly after Mi
- Signs :
1. Orthopnea, dyspnea
2. Fatigue
3. Palpitations
4. Peripheral edema
5. Atrial fibrillation
6. Pulmonary hypertension
7. Distention of jugular veins
8. Abnormal heart sounds - Treatment
- ECG, Xray, surgery, Balloon valvuloplasty
3
Q
Essential hypertension
A
- High bp persists over many years MOSTLY Idiopathic
Stage 1 = more than 140/90 mm Hg
Stage 2 = more than 160/100 mm Hg
People at risk are:
- they do everything bad
- diabetic
- Oral contraceptives
- Genetic
- Elderly
Test:
Check BP twice
Bruits
Xray, ECG
- Treatment
- diet (low-salt, low-fat)
- drugs that reduce blood pressure
Moderate exercise
Reduction in stress
4
Q
CAD
A
- Narrow artery - plaque
- Decreased blood supply to heart
- Decreased oxygen -> part of heart dies replaced with scar tissue
- More common in men, postmenopausal women, middle-aged persons, elderly persons
- Risk of getting are people with :
high salt, fat intake
age
genetics
smoking
stress
diabetes mellitus
* Signs and symptoms Angina Nausea, vomiting Sweating Feeling of panic
Test:
Look at angina pattern
Test stress
ECG, CT
Treatment: No smoking diet surgery drugs : like Nitroglycerine, beta blocker, antiinflams, pain killers and ACE inhibs (decreased blood pressure), increase Vit D intake
5
Q
Atrial Fibrillation
A
- atria out of sync with ventricles
- blood pools in atria -> blood clot -> embolises -> CVA
- Cause:
1. heart injury or abnormality
2. Hypertension, congenital heart defects, MI, viral infections, sleep apnea - Signs
- sporadic or chronic
- “Racing” of the heart and palpitations
- Confusion, chest pain, weakness, and shortness of breath
Test:
ECG, Xray, holter monitor, face scan
Treatment
- Beta or calcium channel blockers
- Cardioversion, electrically or with medication
- Cryoablation
- Cough during fibrillation
- Change diet
6
Q
CHF
A
- heart can pump well
- Circulatory congestion may occur in systemic venous circulation (resulting in peripheral edema) or pulmonary circulation (resulting in pulmonary edema—life-threatening)
- due to
1. many cardiac diseases
2. pulmonary diseases
3. Degenerative conditions
4. MI
* Signs Distended neck veins Oedema - pulmonary and peripheral Cyanosis Enlarged liver - hepatomegaly Tachypnea, palpitations