infectious diseae

Question 1

Infectious agent in Lyme disease

Answer 1

Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), a spirochete, is the causative agent that is carried and transmitted to humans by infected species of deer ticks.

Question 2

3 Cs o Measles

Answer 2

Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis

first signs of the illness and lasts 4 to 5 days: URI symptoms including a cough, runny nose due to inflammation of the nasal membranes (coryza), and conjunctivitis (the “three C’s” of measles).

-low to moderate fever and Koplik spots (an enanthem found on the oral mucosa opposite the lower molars that are small bluish-white spots on an erythematous background)
-maculopapular rash first appearing behind the ears and on the forehead, moving progressively downward to engulf the entire body, generally appears on the third or fourth day of the illness, and lasts about 1 week.

Question 3

PPD and vaccinations

Answer 3

Measles vaccination may temporarily suppress tuberculin reactivity. The MMR vaccine may be given after (or even on the same day as) the PPD test. However, since MMR was already administered in this scenario, PPD should be postponed for the next 28 days (4 to 6 weeks). The effects of other live vaccines on PPD is unknown.

Question 4

influenza symptoms

Answer 4

cough, headache, and sore throat is often an indicator of influenza infection in children. In addition, a sudden onset of high fever is common, as well as chills, coryza, vertigo, and pain in the back and extremities. The cough presents as a dry hacking cough, resembling pertussis.

Question 5

Acute Rheumatic fever: Jones criteria

Answer 5

The Jones criteria are a set of guidelines used to diagnose acute rheumatic fever, requiring evidence of a recent group A streptococcal infection and either two major manifestations or one major and two minor manifestations of the disease.

Question 6

Acute Rheumatic Fever

Answer 6

ARF is a nonsuppurative complication following a sequela of streptococcal infection, typically 2 to 3 weeks after group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. It results in an autoimmune inflammatory process involving the joints (polyarthritis), heart (rheumatic heart disease), CNS ( Sydenham chorea) and subcutaneous tissue (subcutaneous nodules and erythema marginatum). It most commonly presents between the ages of five and 15 years old. Long-term effects on tissues are generally mild except for the damage done to cardiac valves, leaving fibrosis and scarring that results in rheumatic heart disease.

Major manifestations include:

Carditis ( pancarditis, valves, pericardium, myocardium)
Polyarthritis (migratory and painful)
Chorea (uncoordinated jerking movements of face, hands, feet)
Erythema marginatum (nonpruritic rash involving pink rings on torso and limbs)
Subcutaneous nodules

Minor manifestations include:
Clinical fever, polyarthralgia
Laboratory elevated acute phase reactants (ESR or leukocyte count)