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PNP > Human growth and development > Flashcards

Human growth and development Flashcards

1
Q

Freud stage of psychosexual development: Infancy

A

Oral stage

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2
Q

Freud stage of psychosexual development: toddler

A

Anal stage

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3
Q

Freud stage of psychosexual development: Preschool

A

Phallic stage

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4
Q

Freud stage of psychosexual development: school age

A

Latency stage

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5
Q

Freud stage of psychosexual development: adolescence

A

Genital stage

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6
Q

Erik Erickson stages of development: Infancy

A

Trust vs mistrust

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7
Q

Erik Erickson stages of development: toddler

A

Autonomy vs same and doubt

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8
Q

Erik Erickson stages of development: preschool

A

Initiative vs guilt

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9
Q

Erik Erickson stages of development: school age

A

Industry vs inferiority

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10
Q

Erik Erickson stages of development: adolescence

A

Identity vs role confusion

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11
Q

Erik Erickson stages of development: young adult (17-30)

A

Intimacy vs isolation

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12
Q

Erik Erickson stages of development: middle age

A

Generativity va stagnation

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13
Q

Erik Erickson stages of development: older adulthood

A

Integrity vs despair

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14
Q

Hierarchy of needs

A

Physiological, safety/security/stability, affiliation/acceptance/love, ego/selfworth/confidence/competence/success

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15
Q

Preterm

A

less than 37 weeks gestation

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16
Q

late preterem

A

34-36 weeks gestation

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17
Q

low birth weight

A

</= 2500g

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18
Q

VLBW (very low birth weight)

A

</= 1500g

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19
Q

ELBW (extremely low. birth weight)

A

</= 1000g

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20
Q

AGA/LGA/SGA

A

appropriate
large for GA; weight above 90%
small for GA; weight below 10%

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21
Q

IUGR- symmetric

A

symmetric: weight/length/head circ are SGA; reflects longstanding intrinsic fetal compromise (syndrome)

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22
Q

IUGR: asymmetric

A

underweight for length and head circ., reflects acute compromise extrinsic to fetus (placental insufficiency)

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23
Q

Averages in US

A

length: 20in, 7.5 lbs, 14.2 head, chest is 0.8 less than head

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24
Q

weight loss in newborn period

A

8-10@ in first 3-4 days, regained by 7 days (formula) 10 day (breast)

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25
Q

weight gain

A

doubles by 6 mos, triples by 1 year, quardruples by 2 yrs; 5-7 oz/150-210g per week during first 6 mos, 12-20oz per month (6-12mos), 8-9oz per month in second year

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26
Q

length

A

increases by 50% by 1 year, doubles by 1 year, triples by 13 years. increase by 1 in per month (0-6 mos), 0.5in ( per mos 6-12mos)

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27
Q

head circ

A

increases 0.5in. per mos (0-6 mos), 0.3in (6-12 mos)

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28
Q

cranial sutures

A

-close during 1st year of life: posterior closes 6-8 weeks
anterior closes 12-18 mos

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29
Q

Teeth

A

formation begins in the third fetal month and continues through adolescence

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30
Q

survival reflexes

A

breathing, hiccups, sneezes, spitting up, suck/swallow/breath, temperature control (shiver, cry, tucking legs), feeding ( sucking, rooting, crying, swallowing)

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31
Q

non-survival reflexes

A

babinski, stepping, swimming, grasping, moro, startle

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32
Q

Palmar grasp

A

strongest by 1-2 mos, disappears by 3 mos

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33
Q

plantar grasp

A

disappears after 8 mos

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34
Q

moro reflex

A

disappears by 6 mos

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35
Q

stepping reflex

A

disappears before voluntary walking

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36
Q

asymmetric tonic neck (fencing)

A

diminishes by 3-4 mos, disappears by 6 mos

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37
Q

vision in newborn

A

blink and pupil constriction to light are indication of vision, can focus 4-30 inches away, binocular vision develops between 4-6 mos, 20/150-20/400 newborn; 20/70 by 2 years, 20/30 by 5 years

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38
Q

hearing

A

infants have great auditory acuity for high frequency sounds, “motherese”

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39
Q

Piaget development
Birth to 1 month

40
Q

Piaget development: primary circular reactions

A

1-4 mos, adaptions of reflexes to the environment through coordination of two actions (like seeing and grasping)

41
Q

Piaget development: secondary circular reactions

A

4-8 mos, increased awareness of objects, persons, and expected responses

42
Q

Piaget development: coordination of means and ends

A

8-12 months, object permanence- people and objects exist with out of sight

43
Q

Piaget development: Tertiary circular reactions

A

12-18 mos, active exploration and trial/error learning

44
Q

Mental combinations

A

18-24 mos, ability to problem solve simple situations without trial and error

45
Q

social smile

A

in response to a person begins around 6 weeks

46
Q

stranger anxiery

A

begins around 6 months and peaks at 12mos

47
Q

separation anxiety

A

begins between 8-9 moos, peaks at 14 mos

48
Q

language milestones: birth to 5 mos

A

coos, vocalizes pleasure/displeasure sounds differently, makes noises when talked to

49
Q

language milestones: 6-11 mos

A

understands “no”, babbles, says mama/dada without meaning, tries to communicate by actions or gestures, tries to repeat sounds, says 1st word

50
Q

language milestones: 12-17 mos

A

answers simple questions nonverbally, says 2-3 words to label person or object, imitates simple words, vocal of 4-6 words

51
Q

language milestones: 18-23 mos

A

vocal of 50 words, asks for common food by name, makes animal sounds, combines words like more milk, beginning to use pronouns like mine, uses 2 word phrases

52
Q

toddler an preschool growth

A

slower growth, about 3 inches per year, 4 lbs
better control and coordination
symbolic thinking, increased language development

53
Q

Piaget: pre operational thinking

A

pre conceptual: 2-4 years

54
Q

Piaget: Sensorimotor stage

A

birth- 2 years.,

55
Q

motor milestones: Birth to 3 mos

A

lift and turns head lying prone
turns had to her or see something
random movements become more purposeful
bring hands to mouth
grasp reflex

56
Q

motor milestones: 3mos-6 mos

A

moves arm to reach and sweep, grasps object voluntarily, plays with hands/feet, watches/plays with toys at midline, transfers toys hand to hand, when prone- lifts head and chest with weight on hands
holds head upright and steady
rolls from stomach to back and vice versa

57
Q

motor milestones: 6-9 mos

A

uses index finger to poke
hold object in each hand- plays with each
transfere hand to hand
pivots on stomach
pulls hands/knees
sits unassisted and plays with toys

58
Q

motor milestones: 9-12 mos

A

picks things up with pincher grasp
drops and picks up toys
creeps
pulls to stand
stands without support
walks with support
independent steps
uses both hands together to play

59
Q

motor milestone: 12- 18 mos

A

walks alone
begins to walk sideways/backwards
comes to standing without support
crawls up and down stairs
picks up small objects
stacks one object on top of another
puts objects in and dumps out
pulls apart objects
fits single puzzle pieces
scribbles

60
Q

motor milestones: 2-3 years

A

walks well, runs, steps up, squats down, walks on tiptoes, walks up stairs with alternating foot with hand on rail
same step foot placement walking down, jumps 2 inches off ground, Stands on one leg 1-3 sec, kicks ball, throw underhand, learning to catch, stacks more than one object (blocks)
strings large beads
imitates drawing horizontal lines or circular scribble

61
Q

motor milestones: 4-5 years

A

stand on 1 foot for 10 sec
tiptoes for 8 sec
hops forward for 5 hops (one foot)
walks on line backwards
forward somersault
gallops/skips forward
walks up/down stairs alternating steps without wall
catches tennis ball
cuts on line continuously
copes a cross and square
prints some letters

62
Q

motor milestones: 5-6

A

skips and maintains balance/rhythm
apps froward 20 ft without loosing balance
jumps rope
walks on balance beam
jumps herders 10 in high, 2 footed take off
jumps sideways back an forth
cuts out simple shapes
copies triangle and prints name
colors within lines
mature grasp of pencil
handedness well established

63
Q

Toddler cognitive development

A

symbolic thinking and increase language development: preoperational thinking 2-4 yrs; intuitive 2-7yrs (piaget); egocentrism, animism (everthing animate or inanimate thinks and feels the way preschooler does); difficulty distinguing fact from fantasy (normative “lying”, nightmares, imaginary friends, feel responsible for good or bad things happening based o now thoughts, feelings, behaviors)

65
Q

toddler language

A

up to 425 word vocabulary with 75% speech understandable at 2 yrs; 4-5 words sentences at 3 yrs, carries out 2-3 item commands (3yrs), understands opposites (4yrs), understands “if” “because” and “when” (5 yrs)

66
Q

authoritative parenting

A

firm limits but opportunity for dialogue, high expectations, high support, high parent-child communication, best outcomes

67
Q

instrumental aggression

A

common form of aggression among preschool, focused on retrieving an object, space or privilege, decreases with understanding of sharing

68
Q

Play; infancy

A

solitary play, little awareness of other children

69
Q

play; toddler

A

onlooker play, curious watching of others playing, parallel play with minimal interaction

70
Q

play: preschool

A

more social; associative play- some interaction and sharing, not organized or consistent, cooperative= taking turns, activity playing together, dramatic/pretend play- make believe, playing house, rough/tumble- physical, appears aggressive

71
Q

gender identigy

A

2 yrs: can distinguish gender, id as girl or boy
3-4: show sex typed preference, id is firmly established, not likely to change
5-6: express notions about how male/female should dress, feel/behave

72
Q

School aged development: growth

A

average 5 lbs and 2 inches per year

73
Q

School aged development: cognitive development

A

concrete operational thinking (Piaget); reversibility in lath, conservation, classification, seriation- arranging item in series by things like increasing size

74
Q

adolescent development: growth

A

Average US female: 38 lbs and 9 inches (10-14yrs)
US male: 42 lbs and 9 inches (12-16yrs)

75
Q

precocious puberty

A

girls: starts before 8 yrs
boys: before 9yrs

76
Q

delayed puberty

A

girls: starts after 13 years
boys: after 14 years

77
Q

puberty

A

onset:
girls: 9-10
boys: 11-2

first physical sign:
girls- breast buds
boys testicular growth

peak velocity:
girls: 12.4 yrs
boys: 14.4 yrs

menarche: 12.5 yrs
spermarche: 13-14

Fertility boys and girls; 15

78
Q

Tanner staging: Girls

A

Tanner 1; preadolescent without pubic hair
tanner 2: sparse, pale, fine pubic hair
tanner 3: darker, more curled, increase amt
tanner 4: hair is adult in character, doesn’t cover entire area
tanner 5: adult distribution

79
Q

Tanner staging: Boys

A

Tanner 1; preadolescent testes, scrotum, penis without pubic hair
tanner 2: enlargment of scrotum and testes, scxrotum reddens and roughens, sparse hair
tanner 3: penis enlarges primarily in length, increased amt of hair, darker and more curled
tanner 4: penis enlarges in breath and development of glans, hair is adult in character, doesn’t cover entire area
tanner 5: adult size and shape

80
Q

surveillance

A

a continuous process of periodic assessment and monitoring of growth and development over time through direct observation, health history, parent/child interaction, physical exam

81
Q

screening

A

use of standardized or generally accepted methods with well populations in order to identify individuals at risk for abnormality and warrant further assessment

82
Q

assessment

A

more symptomatic evaluation using a standardized or accepted method leading to recommendations for intervention

83
Q

sensitivity

A

proportion of those with the abnormality who are correctly identified through screening (true positives)

84
Q

specificity

A

proportion of this without the abnormality who are correctly id as negative through screening (true neg)

85
Q

positive predictive value

A

proportion of this correctly screened positive of all tho actually have the abnormality

86
Q

newborn behavioral assessment scale

A

assessment of newborns behavioral capacities: state control, autonomic reactivity, reflexes, habituation, and responsiveness to visual and auditory stimuli

87
Q

Bayley infant Neurodevelopmental Screener

A

screens basic neurological receptive, expressive, and cognitive functions in infants 3-24mos

88
Q

Bayley Scales of Infant development

A

current gold standard for diagnosing developmental delays and recommending intervention for children birth through 42 mos with separate mental, motor and behavioral rating scales

90
Q

Denver II

A

screens in personal-social, fine motor adaptive, language, and gross motor domains (birth- 6 years)

91
Q

Language testing

A

Clinical Linguistic and Auditory Milestone Test (CLAMS: 0-36 mos)
ELM: early language milestones scale
REEL: receptive and expressive emergent language scale (0-36 mos)
MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory

92
Q

Behaviors testing

A

Achenbach
Connors abbreviated Parent/Teacher questionairre

93
Q

Temperament

94
Q

mental health screening and diagnostic classifications

A

DSM-5: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

PNP (2 decks)

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