Infectious And Social Diseases Flashcards
Single-most important measure to reduce the risks of
transmitting microorganisms,
Hand Hygiene
A combination of universal precautions and body substance precautions
Is called standard precautions
An infection acquired while in the hospital at least 12 hours after admission
Nosocomial infection
When transporting client to another care area or when
sending to radiology, the client should use.
A surgical mask. Nurse will use N-95 hepa filter mask
when taking care of client on airborne precautions
Drug of choice for MRSA
Vancomycin (monitor ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity)
Observe for signs of toxicity, serum levels and IV site.
Primary cause of AIDS
HIV-1 most common in the US
HIV-2 most common in Africa
Sterile package recently opened is considered Sterile within ____ of their edges.
Within 1 inch or 2.5 cm of their edges
Donning of gloves is defined as.
Touching the inside surface of the first glove while
pulling it onto the hand.
Isolation precaution for Hantaviral disease
No isolation other than standard precautions.
Effects of hantavirus to humans
Pulmonary syndrome and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.
Transmission of Ebola virus via
Person to person by direct contact with Infected blood,
secretions, and semen.
Isolation precaution for Ebola virus
Airborne and standard precautions.
West Nile Virus transmission
Not transmitted from person to person.
Isolation: Standard precaution only
Transmitted through bite of infected mosquito that has
fed on infected bird or animal.
Prevention or treatment for influenza A(H1N1) virus
Tamilfu (oseltamivir) [available in capsule, liquid, and
inhaler], Taken twice daily for 5 days.
There is no vaccine available for A (H1N1) or commonly
known as swine flu.
To treat Influenza A and B
Relenza (zanamivir)
Contact Infection Alert
- Will require a private room or a room who has the
same microorganism (cohort). - Application of Standard Precautions when entering
room (wear gloves and gown).
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus MRSA nares, what type of precaution in isolating client?
Isolate patient as contact precaution not airborne or droplet. No need to close the door for contact isolation.
When an MRSA nares is considered a droplet isolation
When MRSA has pneumonia and not colonized.
Source of anthrax
It is usually due to an occupational exposure to infected animals or their products from agricultural regions.
What bacteria that can cause anthrax?
Caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus
anthracis.
Prognosis of anthrax inhalation
Fatal if acquired by inhalation.
Highest percentage of anthrax transmission is via
Cutaneous (skin) about 95% form cut or skin abrasion
Anthrax is acquired through the
Cutaneous, Ingestion, and Inhalation.
Can anthrax be spread from person-to person?
Transmission is extremely unlikely and has only
reported with cutaneous anthrax, where discharges
from skin lesions are potentially
infectious. Communicability is not a concern in
managing or visiting with patients with inhalation
anthrax.
Transmission of West Nile virus (Select all that apply)
Not transmitted person to person.
No isolation required other than standard precautions.
From the bite of infected bird mosquito or animal
Transmitted by blood transfusion and transplanted
organ.
Transmission of Severe acute respiratory syndrome
SARS
Contact from a patient known with SARS.
Signs and symptoms of SARS
Fever, cough, and difficulty breathing.
X-ray showed pneumonia.
SARS nurse alert
Using N-95 or respirators or surgical masks reduces
transmission in hospitals and community.
Consistent use of masks, gowns, gloves, eye protection,
and hand hygiene.
Most common sexually transmitted infection.
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
