Infectious And Social Diseases

Question 1

Single-most important measure to reduce the risks of

transmitting microorganisms,

Answer 1

Hand Hygiene

Question 2

A combination of universal precautions and body substance precautions

Answer 2

Is called standard precautions

Question 3

An infection acquired while in the hospital at least 12 hours after admission

Answer 3

Nosocomial infection

Question 4

When transporting client to another care area or when

sending to radiology, the client should use.

Answer 4

A surgical mask. Nurse will use N-95 hepa filter mask

when taking care of client on airborne precautions

Question 5

Drug of choice for MRSA

Answer 5

Vancomycin (monitor ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity)

Observe for signs of toxicity, serum levels and IV site.

Question 6

Primary cause of AIDS

Answer 6

HIV-1 most common in the US

HIV-2 most common in Africa

Question 7

Sterile package recently opened is considered Sterile within ____ of their edges.

Answer 7

Within 1 inch or 2.5 cm of their edges

Question 8

Donning of gloves is defined as.

Answer 8

Touching the inside surface of the first glove while

pulling it onto the hand.

Question 9

Isolation precaution for Hantaviral disease

Answer 9

No isolation other than standard precautions.

Question 10

Effects of hantavirus to humans

Answer 10

Pulmonary syndrome and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.

Question 11

Transmission of Ebola virus via

Answer 11

Person to person by direct contact with Infected blood,

secretions, and semen.

Question 12

Isolation precaution for Ebola virus

Answer 12

Airborne and standard precautions.

Question 13

West Nile Virus transmission

Answer 13

Not transmitted from person to person.
Isolation: Standard precaution only
Transmitted through bite of infected mosquito that has
fed on infected bird or animal.

Question 14

Prevention or treatment for influenza A(H1N1) virus

Answer 14

Tamilfu (oseltamivir) [available in capsule, liquid, and
inhaler], Taken twice daily for 5 days.
There is no vaccine available for A (H1N1) or commonly
known as swine flu.

Question 15

To treat Influenza A and B

Answer 15

Relenza (zanamivir)

Question 16

Contact Infection Alert

Answer 16

1. Will require a private room or a room who has the
   same microorganism (cohort).
2. Application of Standard Precautions when entering
   room (wear gloves and gown).

Question 17

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus MRSA nares, what type of precaution in isolating client?

Answer 17

Isolate patient as contact precaution not airborne or droplet. No need to close the door for contact isolation.

Question 18

When an MRSA nares is considered a droplet isolation

Answer 18

When MRSA has pneumonia and not colonized.

Question 19

Source of anthrax

Answer 19

It is usually due to an occupational exposure to infected animals or their products from agricultural regions.

Question 20

What bacteria that can cause anthrax?

Answer 20

Caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus

anthracis.

Question 21

Prognosis of anthrax inhalation

Answer 21

Fatal if acquired by inhalation.

Question 22

Highest percentage of anthrax transmission is via

Answer 22

Cutaneous (skin) about 95% form cut or skin abrasion

Question 23

Anthrax is acquired through the

Answer 23

Cutaneous, Ingestion, and Inhalation.

Question 24

Can anthrax be spread from person-to person?

Answer 24

Transmission is extremely unlikely and has only
reported with cutaneous anthrax, where discharges
from skin lesions are potentially
infectious. Communicability is not a concern in
managing or visiting with patients with inhalation
anthrax.

Question 25

Transmission of West Nile virus (Select all that apply)

Answer 25

Not transmitted person to person.
No isolation required other than standard precautions.
From the bite of infected bird mosquito or animal
Transmitted by blood transfusion and transplanted
organ.

Question 26

Transmission of Severe acute respiratory syndrome

SARS

Answer 26

Contact from a patient known with SARS.

Question 27

Signs and symptoms of SARS

Answer 27

Fever, cough, and difficulty breathing.

X-ray showed pneumonia.

Question 28

SARS nurse alert

Answer 28

Using N-95 or respirators or surgical masks reduces
transmission in hospitals and community.
Consistent use of masks, gowns, gloves, eye protection,
and hand hygiene.

Question 29

Most common sexually transmitted infection.

Answer 29

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)