Cardiovascular Flashcards
Locate pulses
Temporal, carotid, brachial, radial, ulnar, femoral,
popliteal, posterior tibia, and dorsalis pedis
Objective symptom indicating fluid volume overload
Jugular venous distention
Drug of choice in severe CHF
Jugular venous distention
Lasix (furosemide) /atiu he fies
Monitor potassium, intake and output
(Hypokalemia may precipitate digitalis toxicity)
Enzyme associated with CHF
Beta Type natriuretic Peptide (BNP), is a blood test.
Normal BNP level
Less than 50 to 100 pg/ml..
A result greater than 100 pg/mL is
Abnormal.
Normal ejection fraction
50% or greater
Mainstay treatment in congestive heart failure (CHF).
Diuretics (Lasix or Demadex, or Bumex).
Indication of Digoxin (Lanoxin)
To treat CHF and to decrease the SA to AV node
conduction to slow ventricular tachyarrhythmia (atrial
fibrillation/ atrial flutter).
Initial symptom of Digoxin toxicity
Anorexia
Other symptoms associated with digoxin toxicity
Nausea and vomiting, tachycardia and diarrhea.
Nurse alert in Digoxin management
Check apical pulse before administering digoxin.
Teach pt to notify MD if heart rate (full minute) is less
than 60/minute or greater than110 beats/minute.
Prevent hypokalemia in client taking digoxin as it will cause
Increasing the risk for digoxin toxicity.
Client on digoxin and having hyperkalemia, the effect is.
It diminishes the Digoxin’s (Lanoxin) effect.
Beta blockers such as Inderal (propanolol) and Lopressor
(metoprolol, are contraindicated in.
Asthma and COPD.
Protamine Sulfate (Protopam)
Side effects: Hypotension and bradycardia, if rapid
administration.
Antidote for Heparin overdose
Labetalol (Normodyne, Trandate) is indicated to.
Client with hypertension.
antihypertensive with small decreasing effect on
cardiac output.
Use treat PVC, Acute ventricular dysrythmias
Lidocaine
Cardiac catheterization complication - Check for bleeding
to the distal site.
Check for the bleeding site and distal circulation
Compare distal pulses.
Location of apical pulse
4th hand, 5th intercostals space midclavicular line
Risk with pacemaker
Electronic article surveillance (EAS) and metal
detector
Does not affect the pulse generator with microwave
oven. Not allowed to have MRI.
Pacemaker
Determines myocardial perfusion to the heart muscle during rest? Usually done along with an exercise stress test on a treadmill or bicycle.
Thallium test
Thallium preparation
Prior to procedure
No coffee or tea or stimulants x 12 hours.
No beta-blockers x24 hours before the procedure.
No theophylline for 36 hours prior to procedure.
When on a Holter monitor.
Avoid taking tub baths. Avoid getting the monitor wet.
Side effects of digitalis
Nausea, vomiting, progressing to anorexia, blurring of
vision.
Sensory changes related to digitalis toxicity
Halos, diplopia, colored vision, bind spots,
Blurring of vision, flashing of lights
Location of apical pulse
4th hand. 5th intercostals space midclavicular line
and auscultated in one full minute
Digoxin is held in adult client when apical heart rate is
in infant and young children
in older children
Adult - Less than 60/minute
Infant - Less than 90 to 110 beats/minute
Older children- Less than 70/minute
When to administer digoxin in “pediatrics”
An hour before feeding or 2 hours after feeding
Caution to patient on digitalis
Hypokalemia predisposition increases toxicity, check
for serum K level
Cardura (doxazosin)
Alpha-blocker-antihypertensive also used for BPH
Flushed face, headache faintness, postural
hypotension
S/E of nitroglycerin
Hyperstat (Diazoxide)
Administered IV in hypertensive crisis and may cause
hyperglycemia
A drug use to treat angina, increases oxygen to myocardium
Nitroglycerine (sublingual, intravenous, patch, or
paste).
Signs and symptom of hypovolemia
Increased pulse, respiratory rate, and decreased BP
Side effects of Reserpine
Dry mouth, nasal stuffiness, dizziness, and decreased
mental acuity
Action of Inderal
Decreases cardiac rate & contractility
Side effects of Lidocaine
Drowsiness, slurred speech, blurred vision, seizure,
and coma.
Side effects of Propanolol (Inderal)
Lethargy, fatigue, and hypotension
(non-selective beta-blocker)
May worsen myasthenia gravis
Contraindicated in Asthma and COPD
Clonidine (catapres) side effect
Dryness of the mouth due to decreased salivary flow
A diagnostic tool in assessing fluid volume excess or deficit
Central Venous Pressure
A decrease VP measurement reflects
Hypotension (sepsis, drugs, neurogenic)
CV measurement reflects?
Pressure of the right atrium.
Normal value CVP
5-10 mmHg.
Common cause of carcinogenic shock
Left ventricular failure
Nitroglycerine is administered
Sublingually every 5 minutes. Use 3 doses until
chest pain is relieved.
Antihypertensive IV drug that is sensitive to light
Nitroprusside (Nipride), over IV tubing and container
Dyazide effect
May rise potassium level (hyperkalemia)
Lisinopril is an ACE and the effect may impair?
Functions of the kidney.
Questran(Cholecystyramine)
Taken with meals, may cause constipation
Questran is a bile acid sequestrant. ( lower your LDL, bad cholesterol.
Administer an hour before or 4-6 hours after other
medication to avoid blocking absorption.
Monitor hyperkalemia on client receiving antidiuretic.
Following potassium sparing diuretics.
Aldactone (spironolactone) Dyrenium (triamterene)
Midamor (amiloride)
Closure of “mitral and tricuspid valves”, occurring during ventricular systole. Located near the apex of the heart over the mitral area.
S1 heart sound.
S1 is Closure of _______ and _____occurring during ventricular systole. Located near the apex of the heart over the mitral area
Mitral and tricuspid valves.
S1 Closure of “mitral and tricuspid valves”, occurring during _____. Located near the apex of the heart over the mitral area
Ventricular systole
S1 is Closure of “mitral and tricuspid valves”, occurring during ventricular systole. Located near the ___ of the heart over the ____ area
Apex, mitral
Closure of the pulmonic and aortic valves * Located near the heart’s base over the pulmonic area or Erb’s point.
S2
S2 is Closure of the ____ and _____ valves * Located near the heart’s base over the pulmonic area or Erb’s point.
Pulmonic and aortic valves,
S2 is Closure of the pulmonic and aortic valves * Located near the heart’s ___ over the ____ area or Erb’s point.
Heart, pulmonic
Ventricular filling heart sounds?
S3
Hyper stat ( Diazoxide) indicated for malignant ___, hypertensive crisis.
Hypertension
Indicated for malignant hypertension,hypertensive crisis.
Hyper stat ( Diazoxide)
Indicated for those who are unable to tolerate ACE inhibitors, “pril”
Micardis (telmisartan)
Micardis (telmisartan) Indicated for those who are unable to tolerate ___________.
to tolerate ACE inhibitors, “pril”
Isuprel (isoproterenol) action? Enhancing ____ and bronchial ____.
Pacemaker, dilatation.
Isuprel (isoproterenol) action? Enhancing ____ and bronchial dilatation.
Pacemaker
Isuprel (isoproterenol) action? Enhancing pacemaker and ______ dilatation.
Bronchial
Cardiac catheterization complication? Check for ____ to the distal site.
Bleeding.
Cardiac catheterization complication? Check for bleeding to the ____ site.
Distal
A low level radiation being GIVEN off by the Technetium labeled red cells that outline the cardiac chambers. Is able to measure the ejection fraction Mainly the LEFT Ventricles.
MUGA SCAN ( Multiple gated acquisition scan)
MUGA Scan ( multiple gated acquisition scan)
A low level radiation being GIVEN off by the Technetium labeled red cells that outline the cardiac chambers. Is able to measure the ejection fraction Mainly the _______ ventricles.
Left ventricles
